Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

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355 TOPOGRAPHY, BATHYMETRY AND SHORELINE DISPLACEMENT5.1 Current TopographyThe average elevation of Olkiluoto is about +5 m above mean sea level. The highestpoints of the investigation site are Liiklankallio +18 m, Selkänummenharju +13 m andUlkopäänniemi +12 m. A topographical map is presented in Figure 5-1. The bedrocksurface (Figure 5-2) is more variable, but the ground surface is still quite level, even atplaces where the bedrock surface changes abruptly. The depressions of the bedrocksurface are filled with a thicker layer of till and the bedrock highpoints stick through themodest soil layers, as a result of the last glaciation (Figure 5-3) (Lahdenperä et al.2005).5.2 Current BathymetryThe waters around Olkiluoto are generally shallow with open sea beyond the few rockyinlets at the western end of the Island and only a few islands to the north (Figure 5-4).Due to the openness to the sea, the winds affect water currents (Posiva 2003). Two ofthe largest rivers in the Satakunta province, the Lapinjoki and the Eurajoki discharge –on average 3.6 and 9.6 m 3 /s, respectively (Kirkkala & Oravainen 2005) – to the seanorth and east of Olkiluoto, increasing the concentrations of nutrients and solids,especially at the river mouths. The cooling water intake and discharge of the nuclearpower plant significantly affect the temperature and the currents only in their closevicinity. The cooling water flow is about 60 m 3 /s (Posiva 2003).
36Figure 5-1. Topography at the Olkiluoto Island, with contour spacing of 1 m (greylines) and 5 m (black lines) (Lahdenperä et al. 2005).
Page 1 and 2: POSIVA 2007-02Olkiluoto Biosphere D
Page 3 and 4: ISBN 978-951-652-150-6ISSN 1239-309
Page 5 and 6: Posiva-raportti - Posiva ReportPosi
Page 7 and 8: 29.3 Primary Production ...........
Page 10 and 11: 51 INTRODUCTION1.1 Olkiluoto SiteSp
Page 12 and 13: 7SiteGeoscienceCharacteristicsof sp
Page 14 and 15: 91.2 This ReportThis biosphere desc
Page 16 and 17: 11The main emphasis is on the descr
Page 18: 132 LAND USE ON OLKILUOTO ISLANDOlk
Page 21 and 22: 16Figure 2-1. Base maps on Olkiluot
Page 24 and 25: 193 APPLIED AND AVAILABLE DATAWhen
Page 26 and 27: 21Table 3-1 cont'd. Applied and ava
Page 28 and 29: 23Table 3-3. Applied site generic d
Page 30 and 31: 254 CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, AND CHEMI
Page 32 and 33: 27Table 4-2. Annual growth conditio
Page 34 and 35: 29Table 4-4. Annual average results
Page 36 and 37: 31The most reliable evidence for th
Page 38 and 39: 33last glaciation is roughly as sho
Page 42 and 43: 37Figure 5-2. Bedrock surface (m, a
Page 44 and 45: 39Figure 5-4. Bathymetry of the sea
Page 46 and 47: 41Figure 5-5. The postglacial land
Page 48: 43Figure 5-7. Topography of the Olk
Page 51 and 52: 46Figure 6-1. Structure and horizon
Page 53 and 54: 48The results of refraction seismic
Page 55 and 56: 506.4 Geochemistry of Soils on Olki
Page 57 and 58: 52soils at Olkiluoto, the base cati
Page 59 and 60: 54Soil Solution Results from Forest
Page 61 and 62: 56Figure 6-4. Thickness (m) of grou
Page 63 and 64: 58Figure 6-6. Main drainage areas o
Page 65 and 66: 60activity concentration (Bq/kg DW
Page 67 and 68: 62Table 6-7. Chemical characteristi
Page 69 and 70: 64Table 6-8. Total concentrations (
Page 71 and 72: 66Figure 7-2. Marine geological map
Page 73 and 74: 68The shallow water environment sur
Page 75 and 76: 706050OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
Page 77 and 78: 723530OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
Page 79 and 80: 74The ground-, field- and shrub-lay
Page 81 and 82: 76Sedges are also common, but where
Page 83 and 84: 78The mean carbon content in vegeta
Page 85 and 86: 808.1.4 RadionuclidesTable 8-3 show
Page 87 and 88: 82Figure 8-11. Volume of growing st
Page 89 and 90: 84Table 8-5. Game catches (number o
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86an average of 0.7 collisions per
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899 SEA ECOSYSTEMSThe state of the
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91Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA09Lak
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93radation of plant residues. This
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95Target Lake1/Sea09 area 1/SEA0945
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972000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005350P
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.99mg/m 33025TA Lake3/Sea083a/SEA08
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101TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA0945004000350
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103TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA09µg/l403530
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105Table 9-2. Analysis results of s
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107Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA096T
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109Lake3/Sea06Target area 3a/SEA066
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.111Composite samples taken from th
Page 118 and 119:
113Figure 9-15. The proportions of
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.115g/m 2450MacomaOthers40035030025
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117According to the commercial fish
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119caused by natural leaching is ap
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12110 ECOSYSTEM MODELS FOR LAND AND
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123UptakeEmissionNet productionCons
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125Figure 10-2. The biomass distrib
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127Table 10-4. Mean carbon content
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129Figure 10-4. Preliminary estimat
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13111 IDENTIFICATION OF RELEVANT LI
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13312 CONSISTENCY AND CONFIDENCE AS
Page 140 and 141:
135Figure 12-1. Forest monitoring l
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137quite minor. Despite that, it sh
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139In Finland, a lot of generic for
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141The effects of the Olkiluoto nuc
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14312.4 Overall JudgementThe overal
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145Table 12-2 cont'd. Evaluation of
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14713 CONCLUDING REMARKSThis report
Page 154 and 155:
149The seabed sediment inventories
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151The closest rivers are Eurajoki
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153REFERENCESAario, L. 1932. Pflanz
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155FAO-UNESCO 1988. Soil Map of the
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157Huhta, A-P. & Korpela, L. 2006.
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159Kauppi, P. E., Posch, M., Hänni
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161Lahdenperä, A-M., Palmén, J. &
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163Löfgren, A. & Lindborg, T. 2003
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165Pajunen, H. (ed.) 2000. Carbon i
Page 172 and 173:
167trochilus) breeding close to a h
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169Suomen ympäristökeskus & Aluee
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APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS17
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Figure A-3. Aquatic monitoring site
Page 180:
175Figure A-5. Reference areas ment
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Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

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