Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

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91.2 This ReportThis biosphere description report is part of the Biosphere Assessment Portfolio presentedabove. The biosphere description provides scientific synthesis of the current stateof the biosphere and the main features of the past evolution at the site. The biospheredescription serves several purposes: It increases the common understanding of the biosphere at the site It supports the modelling of terrain and ecosystems development, as well as theprocess descriptions It supports the selection of site-specific parameter values and distributions in thetransport analyses of radionuclides.This is the first biosphere description report in the series. The next biosphere descriptionreport is being planned to be compiled in 2008/09 to be followed by a third reportin 2011. The schedule of all reports belonging to the Biosphere Assessment Portfolio ispresented in Fig. 1-4.Folder/TopicBiosphere site and evolutionBiosphere at presentBiosphere in future2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Biosphere process reports * * * * * * * * *Model descriptions * * * * * * *Biosphere data db db db db db db dbCases and variantsLandscape models * * * * * * *"What if" cases * * * * * * * *Overall sensitivity and uncertainty * * * * * * * * * *Exposures of total environmentComparison to natural RNsDiverse uses of environmental mediaDoses to members of publicEffects to flora and faunaBiosphere assessment summary report **Safety Case Summary (main report)Intensive workPlanned reportingInterim Summary Reportand Safety Case PlanReport available or in prep.Frozen data set (prel. results)Final report of Safety Case* Intensive work, reporting following the progress (no definite schedule)db Intensive work, internal reporting within database(s)** Within the main level of the Safety Case interim reportingFigure 1-4. Schedule for producing the reports in the Folders of the Biosphere AssessmentPortfolio. The ends of reporting timelines are for published reports. As well thedraft versions of reports can be developed into full reports if deemed necessary, orsome topical reports can be combined, for example, within a modelling case study report,or the reports can be published earlier than indicated. (Ikonen 2006).
10Most of the monitoring activities in the environmental monitoring plan (e.g., in Vieno &Ikonen 2005, Raitio et al. 2007) have now produced at least preliminary results, whichhave been published in several working reports and memos. Previous synthesis reportsconcerning, among other things, the biosphere of Olkiluoto are the Olkiluoto BaselineDescription (Posiva 2003) and Olkiluoto Site Description (Posiva 2005).Due to the extensive work required for the biosphere assessment and the similarity insites to be modelled, it has been deemed beneficial to have close cooperation betweenPosiva and Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB) in order to enhancethe use of the best resources. Examples of biosphere description-related reportsproduced at SKB are: T. Lindborg & U. Kautsky, 2000. Variabler i olika ekosystem tänkbara att beskrivavid en platsundersökning för ett djupförvar (in Swedish: Potentialvariables of different ecosystems to be described when doing site investigationsfor deep repository). (SKB R-00-19), L. Jerling, T. Lindborg, J. Iseaus, M. Lanneck & R. Schüldt, 2001. Theterrestrial biosphere in the SFR region (SKB R-01-09),U. Kautsky (ed.), 2001. The biosphere today and tomorrow in the SFR area(SKB R-01-27), J. Berggren & L. Kyläkorpi, 2002. Ekosystemen i Forsmarksområdet -sammanställning av befintlig information (in Swedish with an English abstract:Ecosystems in the Forsmark area - summary of existing information). (SKB R-02-08),A. Löfgren & T. Lindborg, 2003. A descriptive ecosystem model - a strategy formodel development during site investigations (SKB R-03-06),Preliminary site description. Forsmark area - version 1.1. (SKB R-04-15),Preliminary site description. Simpevarp area - version 1.1. (SKB R-04-25),T. Lindborg & U. Kautsky (eds.), 2004. Ecosystem modelling in the Forsmarkarea (SKB R-04-71),T. Lindborg (ed.), 2005a. Description of surface systems. Preliminary sitedescription. Forsmark area - version 1.2. (SKB R-05-03),T. Lindborg (ed.), 2005b. Description of surface systems. Preliminary sitedescription. Simpevarp Subarea - version 1.2. (SKB R-05-01),The biosphere at Forsmark. Data, assumptions and models used in the SR-Canassessment (SKB R-06-82), andThe biosphere at Laxemar. Data, assumptions and models used in the SR-Canassessment (SKB R-06-83)The description of the biosphere involves multiple disciplines. The terrestrial and seaflora and fauna, and the overburden, sea water and sea sediments are thus consideredhere, as well as the elements affecting the biosphere (climate, deposition, topographyand its development, and land use). The temporal coverage of this report is from thefirst emerged land area to the emplacement of the first canister in 2020. Geographicallythe emphasis should be on the potential future discharge areas of deep groundwaterfrom the repository, but, in the case of Olkiluoto, this implies studying the whole area.
Page 1 and 2: POSIVA 2007-02Olkiluoto Biosphere D
Page 3 and 4: ISBN 978-951-652-150-6ISSN 1239-309
Page 5 and 6: Posiva-raportti - Posiva ReportPosi
Page 7 and 8: 29.3 Primary Production ...........
Page 10 and 11: 51 INTRODUCTION1.1 Olkiluoto SiteSp
Page 12 and 13: 7SiteGeoscienceCharacteristicsof sp
Page 16 and 17: 11The main emphasis is on the descr
Page 18: 132 LAND USE ON OLKILUOTO ISLANDOlk
Page 21 and 22: 16Figure 2-1. Base maps on Olkiluot
Page 24 and 25: 193 APPLIED AND AVAILABLE DATAWhen
Page 26 and 27: 21Table 3-1 cont'd. Applied and ava
Page 28 and 29: 23Table 3-3. Applied site generic d
Page 30 and 31: 254 CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, AND CHEMI
Page 32 and 33: 27Table 4-2. Annual growth conditio
Page 34 and 35: 29Table 4-4. Annual average results
Page 36 and 37: 31The most reliable evidence for th
Page 38 and 39: 33last glaciation is roughly as sho
Page 40 and 41: 355 TOPOGRAPHY, BATHYMETRY AND SHOR
Page 42 and 43: 37Figure 5-2. Bedrock surface (m, a
Page 44 and 45: 39Figure 5-4. Bathymetry of the sea
Page 46 and 47: 41Figure 5-5. The postglacial land
Page 48: 43Figure 5-7. Topography of the Olk
Page 51 and 52: 46Figure 6-1. Structure and horizon
Page 53 and 54: 48The results of refraction seismic
Page 55 and 56: 506.4 Geochemistry of Soils on Olki
Page 57 and 58: 52soils at Olkiluoto, the base cati
Page 59 and 60: 54Soil Solution Results from Forest
Page 61 and 62: 56Figure 6-4. Thickness (m) of grou
Page 63 and 64: 58Figure 6-6. Main drainage areas o
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60activity concentration (Bq/kg DW
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62Table 6-7. Chemical characteristi
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64Table 6-8. Total concentrations (
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66Figure 7-2. Marine geological map
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68The shallow water environment sur
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706050OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
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723530OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
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74The ground-, field- and shrub-lay
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76Sedges are also common, but where
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78The mean carbon content in vegeta
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808.1.4 RadionuclidesTable 8-3 show
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82Figure 8-11. Volume of growing st
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84Table 8-5. Game catches (number o
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86an average of 0.7 collisions per
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899 SEA ECOSYSTEMSThe state of the
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91Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA09Lak
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93radation of plant residues. This
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95Target Lake1/Sea09 area 1/SEA0945
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972000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005350P
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.99mg/m 33025TA Lake3/Sea083a/SEA08
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101TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA0945004000350
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103TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA09µg/l403530
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105Table 9-2. Analysis results of s
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107Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA096T
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109Lake3/Sea06Target area 3a/SEA066
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.111Composite samples taken from th
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113Figure 9-15. The proportions of
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.115g/m 2450MacomaOthers40035030025
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117According to the commercial fish
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119caused by natural leaching is ap
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12110 ECOSYSTEM MODELS FOR LAND AND
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123UptakeEmissionNet productionCons
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125Figure 10-2. The biomass distrib
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127Table 10-4. Mean carbon content
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129Figure 10-4. Preliminary estimat
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13111 IDENTIFICATION OF RELEVANT LI
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13312 CONSISTENCY AND CONFIDENCE AS
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135Figure 12-1. Forest monitoring l
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137quite minor. Despite that, it sh
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139In Finland, a lot of generic for
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141The effects of the Olkiluoto nuc
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14312.4 Overall JudgementThe overal
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145Table 12-2 cont'd. Evaluation of
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14713 CONCLUDING REMARKSThis report
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149The seabed sediment inventories
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151The closest rivers are Eurajoki
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153REFERENCESAario, L. 1932. Pflanz
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155FAO-UNESCO 1988. Soil Map of the
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157Huhta, A-P. & Korpela, L. 2006.
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159Kauppi, P. E., Posch, M., Hänni
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161Lahdenperä, A-M., Palmén, J. &
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163Löfgren, A. & Lindborg, T. 2003
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165Pajunen, H. (ed.) 2000. Carbon i
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167trochilus) breeding close to a h
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169Suomen ympäristökeskus & Aluee
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APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS17
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Figure A-3. Aquatic monitoring site
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175Figure A-5. Reference areas ment
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