Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

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11The main emphasis is on the description of the current biosphere using the results ofeach sector, thus, for example, the common practice in radionuclide transport modellingwas not taken as a limitation. The goal was to move toward a more quantified description,exemplified in SKB's work, for example, by Lindborg & Kautsky (2004). The constructionof site-specific ecosystem models was started as part of this project. Conceptualecosystem models were presented for land and sea, and quantified whenever possible.It has been reasoned by Lindborg et al. (2006), Löfgren et al. (2006), and Kumbladet al. (2006) that, by placing the emphasis on the flows of matter, the ecological andphysical constraints on a system can be shown to reduce the potential range of futurestates of the ecosystem, hence reducing uncertainties in estimating radionuclide flow,and, in turn, radiological consequences to humans and the environment. As in the SKB'sbiosphere description reports (e.g. Lindborg & Kautsky 2004, Lindborg 2005a,b), carbonwas selected to describe stocks and flows of matter, as it is more or less interchangeableas currency with energy and biomass because of the relative constancy ofcarbon and energy contents in organic matter.Although the presented results are based on extensive sets of measurements, themethodology, monitoring sites and detailed data are mentioned only briefly andreferences to the corresponding Posiva Reports or Working Reports are given.1.3 Delineation of the Study SiteThe studied site is presented in Fig. 1-5. Detailed results concerning the terrainecosystems are presented for the main island of Olkiluoto (approximately 8.9 km 2 ). Forthe larger area (207 km 2 ), preliminary description is given for the dominating landcover,forests, based on satellite image-aided forest inventory data from Finnish ForestResearch Institute. For the sea, the delineation is more difficult. An attempt was madeto calculate results for the potential future lake basins taken on the basis of expectedtopographical development (Rautio et al. 2005, Ikonen 2006), but detailed and spatiallydense measurements were not available from all of the basins. Sea sediment stratigraphywas described from the entire acoustic-seismic study area (see Fig. A-4).
12Figure 1-5. Delineation of the site and future lakes. Borders of lakes 1–3 are based onGIS analyses in Rautio et al. (2005) and Ikonen (2006). Lake 4, which will most likelydevelop into a glo, fell outside the bathymetric data available and needs to bedelineated in detail later.
Page 1 and 2: POSIVA 2007-02Olkiluoto Biosphere D
Page 3 and 4: ISBN 978-951-652-150-6ISSN 1239-309
Page 5 and 6: Posiva-raportti - Posiva ReportPosi
Page 7 and 8: 29.3 Primary Production ...........
Page 10 and 11: 51 INTRODUCTION1.1 Olkiluoto SiteSp
Page 12 and 13: 7SiteGeoscienceCharacteristicsof sp
Page 14 and 15: 91.2 This ReportThis biosphere desc
Page 18: 132 LAND USE ON OLKILUOTO ISLANDOlk
Page 21 and 22: 16Figure 2-1. Base maps on Olkiluot
Page 24 and 25: 193 APPLIED AND AVAILABLE DATAWhen
Page 26 and 27: 21Table 3-1 cont'd. Applied and ava
Page 28 and 29: 23Table 3-3. Applied site generic d
Page 30 and 31: 254 CLIMATE, METEOROLOGY, AND CHEMI
Page 32 and 33: 27Table 4-2. Annual growth conditio
Page 34 and 35: 29Table 4-4. Annual average results
Page 36 and 37: 31The most reliable evidence for th
Page 38 and 39: 33last glaciation is roughly as sho
Page 40 and 41: 355 TOPOGRAPHY, BATHYMETRY AND SHOR
Page 42 and 43: 37Figure 5-2. Bedrock surface (m, a
Page 44 and 45: 39Figure 5-4. Bathymetry of the sea
Page 46 and 47: 41Figure 5-5. The postglacial land
Page 48: 43Figure 5-7. Topography of the Olk
Page 51 and 52: 46Figure 6-1. Structure and horizon
Page 53 and 54: 48The results of refraction seismic
Page 55 and 56: 506.4 Geochemistry of Soils on Olki
Page 57 and 58: 52soils at Olkiluoto, the base cati
Page 59 and 60: 54Soil Solution Results from Forest
Page 61 and 62: 56Figure 6-4. Thickness (m) of grou
Page 63 and 64: 58Figure 6-6. Main drainage areas o
Page 65 and 66: 60activity concentration (Bq/kg DW
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62Table 6-7. Chemical characteristi
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64Table 6-8. Total concentrations (
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66Figure 7-2. Marine geological map
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68The shallow water environment sur
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706050OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
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723530OlkiluotoSouthwest Finland Fo
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74The ground-, field- and shrub-lay
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76Sedges are also common, but where
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78The mean carbon content in vegeta
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808.1.4 RadionuclidesTable 8-3 show
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82Figure 8-11. Volume of growing st
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84Table 8-5. Game catches (number o
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86an average of 0.7 collisions per
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899 SEA ECOSYSTEMSThe state of the
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91Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA09Lak
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93radation of plant residues. This
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95Target Lake1/Sea09 area 1/SEA0945
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972000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005350P
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.99mg/m 33025TA Lake3/Sea083a/SEA08
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101TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA0945004000350
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103TA Lake1/Sea091/SEA09µg/l403530
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105Table 9-2. Analysis results of s
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107Lake1/Sea09Target area 1/SEA096T
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109Lake3/Sea06Target area 3a/SEA066
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.111Composite samples taken from th
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113Figure 9-15. The proportions of
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.115g/m 2450MacomaOthers40035030025
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117According to the commercial fish
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119caused by natural leaching is ap
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12110 ECOSYSTEM MODELS FOR LAND AND
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123UptakeEmissionNet productionCons
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125Figure 10-2. The biomass distrib
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127Table 10-4. Mean carbon content
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129Figure 10-4. Preliminary estimat
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13111 IDENTIFICATION OF RELEVANT LI
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13312 CONSISTENCY AND CONFIDENCE AS
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135Figure 12-1. Forest monitoring l
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137quite minor. Despite that, it sh
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139In Finland, a lot of generic for
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141The effects of the Olkiluoto nuc
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14312.4 Overall JudgementThe overal
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145Table 12-2 cont'd. Evaluation of
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14713 CONCLUDING REMARKSThis report
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149The seabed sediment inventories
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151The closest rivers are Eurajoki
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153REFERENCESAario, L. 1932. Pflanz
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155FAO-UNESCO 1988. Soil Map of the
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157Huhta, A-P. & Korpela, L. 2006.
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159Kauppi, P. E., Posch, M., Hänni
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161Lahdenperä, A-M., Palmén, J. &
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163Löfgren, A. & Lindborg, T. 2003
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165Pajunen, H. (ed.) 2000. Carbon i
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167trochilus) breeding close to a h
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169Suomen ympäristökeskus & Aluee
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APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS17
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Figure A-3. Aquatic monitoring site
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175Figure A-5. Reference areas ment
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Olkiluoto Biosphere Description 2006 (pdf) (4.1 MB) - Posiva

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