A Management Guide for Invasive Plants in Southern Forests James ...

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114Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to be Used or Recommendedfor Ornamental, Landscapes, Food/Herbal Plantings, or Water Gardens (continued)Aquatic Plants (continued)Do Not Plant or Release into Natural Waters These Invasive Aquatic Plants (continued)Brazilian waterweedEgeria densa Planch.Common water hyacinthEichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SolmsWaterthyme, hydrillaHydrilla verticillata (L. f.) RoyleWater-poppyHydrocleys nymphoides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) BuchenauIndian swampweed, Miramar weed Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. AndersonDotted duckweed, dotted duckmeat Landoltia punctata (G. Mey.) D.H. Les & D.J. CrawfordAsian marshweed, ambuliaLimnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) BlumeCreeping or sixpetal water primrose Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet ssp.hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) G.L. Nesom & Kartesz[Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & P.H. Raven]Uruguayan primrose-willowLudwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet spp.grandiflora (Ludwigia uruguayensis Camb.)Moneywort, creeping jenny Lysimachia nummularia L.European wand loosestrife Lythrum virgatum L.Asian waterclover Marsilea minuta L.Australian watercloverMarsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. (Marsilea mutica Fourn.)European waterclover Marsilea quadrifolia L.PeppermintMentha ×piperita L. (pro sp.) [aquatica × spicata]Asian spiderwortMurdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz.Parrot feather watermilfoilMyriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.European watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L.Brittle waternymphNajas minor All.Sacred lotusNelumbo nucifera Gaertn.Cape blue waterlilyNymphaea capensis Thunb. var. zanzibariensis (Caspary) ConardYellow floatingheartNymphoides peltata (S.G. Gmel.) KuntzeDucklettuceOttelia alismoides (L.) Pers.Cuban bulrushOxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye(Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth)Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L.Curly pondweed Potamogeton crispus L.WatercressNasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton[Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek]Giant arrowheadSagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl.Common salvinia, water spangles Salvinia minima BakerKariba-weed, giant salviniaSalvinia molesta MitchellSalviniaSalvinia spp. Ség.Bigpod sesbaniaSesbania herbacea (Mill.) McVaughBog bulrushSchoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla (Scirpus mucronatus L.)Scrambling nightshadeSolanum tampicense DunalExotic bur-reed Sparganium erectum L.Water chestnut Trapa natans L.European brooklime Veronica beccabunga L.
115Appendix B —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to be Used or Recommendedfor Wildlife Food Plots nor Bird and Butterfly Viewing GardensThere has been an explosion in the range of species and cultivars recommended, sold, and planted to enhance“wildlife food.” Nonnative species are often recommended by Federal, State, and private game managementagencies and organizations. As with gardening, imported species and wildlife seed mixes remain unregulated andare increasingly bred to be more vigorous, produce more fruit and seed, and be more immune to native predators.This is the common setup that enables some of these cultivars to become more aggressive and possibly invasive,even if they first appear benign due to the recognized lag phase. Nonnative species are often used becausethey are perceived to have “the upper hand” on native plant species that have coevolved with and supported theremaining wildlife and nongame fauna of southern ecosystems. Nonnative species are also used in an effort torestore disturbed sites, to compensate for plant-successional deficiencies in forested landscapes, and for nutritionaldeficiencies related to soil characteristics. The unbridled use of nonnative plants is a situation that is bound todegrade and pollute our native forests, wetlands, and grasslands.Ideally, nonnative species should not be planted in forested areas. When using plant and seed catalogs, avoid thoselabeled “imported” , “Asian” , “European” , “Siberian” , or “exotic.” Any nonnative seed established in a forest or grasslandfor specific game species has a good chance of escaping into surrounding habitat and permanently degrading itsvalue for other wildlife species. Select plants and seeds native to your planting zone, or if possible, to your locale.The following nonnative species are recognized invasive plants by one to several States or agencies in the Southeast(www.invasive.org/southeast/):TreesRussian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia L.Callery pear, Bradford pearPyrus calleryana Decne.Sawtooth oakQuercus acutissima CarruthersShrubsButterflybushBuddleja davidii Franch.Silverthorn, thorny oliveElaeagnus pungens Thunb.Autumn oliveElaeagnus umbellata Thunb.Surinam cherry Eugenia uniflora L.Winged burning bushEuonymus alatus (Thunb.) SieboldLargeleaf lantana Lantana camara L.Shrubby bushclover, bicolor lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.Thunberg’s lespedezaLespedeza thunbergii (DC.) NakaiJapanese privetLigustrum japonicum Thunb.Glossy privetLigustrum lucidum W.T. AitonBorder privetLigustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc.Chinese privetLigustrum sinense Lour.PrivetLigustrum spp.European privet, common privet Ligustrum vulgare L.Bell’s honeysuckleLonicera ×bella Zabel [morrowii × tatarica]Sweet breath of springLonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & PaxtonAmur honeysuckleLonicera maackii (Rupr.) HerderMorrow’s honeysuckleLonicera morrowii A. GrayStandish’s honeysuckleLonicera standishii JacquesTatarian honeysuckle, twinsister’s Lonicera tatarica L.continued
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AcknowledgmentsThe clarity and accu
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Contents (continued)Basic Spraying
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IntroductionOnly recently has the e
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Recently escaped plants can remain
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• Formulation of coordinated cont
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Preparation always has been critica
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9Elements and Tasks of an Invasive
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When moving cut invasive plants tha
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4. Eradicate, control or contain, a
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16Foliar and Soil-Active Herbicides
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18Mixing HerbicidesAlways use clean
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21Selective Herbicide ApplicationsA
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23Basal Sprays and WipesBasal spray
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25Special tree injectors are availa
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27Soil SpotsSpots of soil-active he
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Spray nozzle systems for tractors a
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Tractor-Mounted Weed WickApplicator
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Hand clippers are useful for cuttin
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35Skid-Steer LoadersPaul David Blak
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Attachments for bulldozers are desc
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Prescribed burn effectiveness—The
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41Steven T. ManningCare of the herd
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Herbicide placement, as it relates
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46Invasive TreesInvasive tree speci
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48CamphortreeCamphortree [Cinnamomu
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50Chinese ParasoltreeChinese paraso
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52Paper MulberryPaper mulberry [Bro
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54Russian OliveChris EvansPatrick B
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57Tree-of-HeavenTree-of-heaven or a
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59Tungoil TreeTungoil tree [Vernici
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61Bush HoneysucklesAmurAmurAmurAmur
Page 71 and 72: 63Hen’s Eyes, Coral ArdisiaDavid
Page 74 and 75: 66Japanese KnotweedSteven T. Mannin
Page 76: 68Leatherleaf MahoniaNancy Loewenst
Page 79 and 80: 71Shrubby Nonnative LespedezasShrub
Page 81 and 82: 73Tropical Soda AppleJohn EverestCh
Page 83 and 84: Invasive VinesInvasive vines are so
Page 85 and 86: 77Five-Leaf Akebia, Chocolate VineS
Page 87 and 88: 79KudzuErwin ChamblissTed BodnerTed
Page 89 and 90: 81Nonnative WisteriasTed BodnerTed
Page 91 and 92: 83Vincas, PeriwinklesBigleaf periwi
Page 93 and 94: 85Invasive Grasses and CanesNonnati
Page 95 and 96: 87CogongrassCharles BrysonCogongras
Page 98 and 99: 90Nepalese Browntop, Japanese Stilt
Page 100 and 101: 92Weeping LovegrassWeeping lovegras
Page 102 and 103: 94Invasive ForbsForbs are broadleaf
Page 104 and 105: 96Chinese LespedezaTed BodnerChines
Page 106 and 107: 98CrownvetchCrownvetch [Securigera
Page 108 and 109: 100Nodding Plumeless Thistle, Musk
Page 111 and 112: 103Resource InformationBooksBurrrel
Page 113 and 114: 105Resource Information (continued)
Page 115 and 116: 107Resource Information (continued)
Page 117: 109Resource Information (continued)
Page 120 and 121: 112Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive
Page 124 and 125: 116Appendix B —Nonnative Invasive
Page 126 and 127: 118Appendix C —Low-Growing Native
Page 128: 120Pesticide Precautionary Statemen
Page 131: The Forest Service, U.S. Department
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A Management Guide for Invasive Plants in Southern Forests James ...

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