A Management Guide for Invasive Plants in Southern Forests James ...

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4Regional and State Program Elements for Invasive Plant ManagementRequired program elements are:• Cooperative knowledge networks that link stakeholders, land managers, scientists, policymakers, and politicalrepresentatives at the national, regional, State, multicounty, and county levels and that provide real time informationand connectivity. Critical to how well the network functions are the timely actions and communications by all thepeople involved, whether they are working in voluntary, delegated, or assigned roles.• Collaborative strategies and programs for spread prevention through: (1) improved laws, policies, and public education;(2) promotion of new corporate and personal ethics to not sell, buy, and plant invasive plants; (3) sanitization ofpersonnel, equipment, and animals that move from or among infested sites; and (4) prohibition against the saleand transport of contaminated products such as extracted native plants, potted plants, hay, pine straw, fill dirt androck, and mulch.• Effective and efficient early detection and rapid response networks to identify and map high-risk sites and newintroductions, verify the invasive species, communicate to others about the newly identified sites, eradicate theinfestations, and restore plant communities resistant to reinvasion• Creation and maintenance of a Web-accessible survey, inventory, and mapping system to corporately track existingand spreading invasions, e.g., Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council’s Early Detection and Distribution MappingSystem (http://se-eppc.org/). Such a system with retrievable maps is invaluable for identifying and communicatinginformation about zones of high infestations, advancing fronts, outliers, and weed-free zones. As an exampleof the value of current survey results, the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) unit of the USDA Forest Service,Southern Research Station, works with State partners to develop the Invasive Plant database http://srsfia2.fs.fed.us/nonnative_invasive/Southern_Nonnative_Invasives.htm. Data on Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.)and nonnative privets (Ligustrum spp.) along with 51 other invasive plants in the 13 States of the southern forestOccupation of Japanese honeysuckle and nonnative privets (March 2008)Japanese HoneysuckleLonicera japonicaPrivet /SpeciesLigustrum spp.Forest Acresin a County OccupiedNot Detected
• Formulation of coordinated control, containment, and eradication programs, including cycles of integrated treatmentsalong with monitoring and corporate sharing of both successes and mistakes. As shown in the maps of occupationfor Japanese honeysuckle and privets, a coordinated multi-State control and eradication program that targets outliersis necessary to stop the spread, contain advancing fronts, and protect special habitats in severely infested zones.Spread prevention programs are also a crucial element through public education, as are regional biological controlprograms for widespread severe nonnative invasive plants.5Objectives and TasksFree ZonePreventionSearchEarly AlertsZone of OutliersSurveillanceInventoryTreat & MonitorInventoryTreat &MonitorSurveyTreat &MonitorZones of invasion and the needed coordinated actionsAdvancing FrontSpecialHabitatProtectInventory & EradicationStrategies and ActionsStop theSpreadInventory andEradicationContain,Inventory andEradicationSeverely InfestedManage and Control• Restoration treatments to dovetail with control and eradication efforts that guarantee suppression of invasive plantsand maintenance of ecosystem functions and services. Adaptive information cycles are especially needed in thisrapidly developing field of ecosystem restoration. Continued surveillance and monitoring with timely reinterventionare essential for successful rehabilitation and restoration.• Dedicated invasive plant research and research syntheses are demanded, followed with rapid technology transferof findings through effective knowledge networks with feedback from the field on additional research needs.The spread of invasive plants from State to State means that every State must have in place an invasive plant managementplan. The plans should share common elements that assure regional protection, including working elements andprograms for adaptive collaborative restoration. The plans must permanently implant adaptive management cycles thatfoster learning about how to control invasive plants, as well as sharing advances in knowledge with all stakeholdersin every State. To best constrain invasions and restore eco-services, regional, State, and local strategies and actionsshould be unified and readily shared through collaborative networks.
Page 4 and 5: AcknowledgmentsThe clarity and accu
Page 6 and 7: Contents (continued)Basic Spraying
Page 9 and 10: IntroductionOnly recently has the e
Page 11: Recently escaped plants can remain
Page 15 and 16: Preparation always has been critica
Page 17 and 18: 9Elements and Tasks of an Invasive
Page 19 and 20: When moving cut invasive plants tha
Page 21: 4. Eradicate, control or contain, a
Page 24 and 25: 16Foliar and Soil-Active Herbicides
Page 26: 18Mixing HerbicidesAlways use clean
Page 29 and 30: 21Selective Herbicide ApplicationsA
Page 31 and 32: 23Basal Sprays and WipesBasal spray
Page 33 and 34: 25Special tree injectors are availa
Page 35 and 36: 27Soil SpotsSpots of soil-active he
Page 37 and 38: Spray nozzle systems for tractors a
Page 39 and 40: Tractor-Mounted Weed WickApplicator
Page 41 and 42: Hand clippers are useful for cuttin
Page 43 and 44: 35Skid-Steer LoadersPaul David Blak
Page 45 and 46: Attachments for bulldozers are desc
Page 47 and 48: Prescribed burn effectiveness—The
Page 49 and 50: 41Steven T. ManningCare of the herd
Page 51: Herbicide placement, as it relates
Page 54 and 55: 46Invasive TreesInvasive tree speci
Page 56 and 57: 48CamphortreeCamphortree [Cinnamomu
Page 58 and 59: 50Chinese ParasoltreeChinese paraso
Page 60 and 61: 52Paper MulberryPaper mulberry [Bro
Page 62:
54Russian OliveChris EvansPatrick B
Page 65 and 66:
57Tree-of-HeavenTree-of-heaven or a
Page 67 and 68:
59Tungoil TreeTungoil tree [Vernici
Page 69 and 70:
61Bush HoneysucklesAmurAmurAmurAmur
Page 71 and 72:
63Hen’s Eyes, Coral ArdisiaDavid
Page 74 and 75:
66Japanese KnotweedSteven T. Mannin
Page 76:
68Leatherleaf MahoniaNancy Loewenst
Page 79 and 80:
71Shrubby Nonnative LespedezasShrub
Page 81 and 82:
73Tropical Soda AppleJohn EverestCh
Page 83 and 84:
Invasive VinesInvasive vines are so
Page 85 and 86:
77Five-Leaf Akebia, Chocolate VineS
Page 87 and 88:
79KudzuErwin ChamblissTed BodnerTed
Page 89 and 90:
81Nonnative WisteriasTed BodnerTed
Page 91 and 92:
83Vincas, PeriwinklesBigleaf periwi
Page 93 and 94:
85Invasive Grasses and CanesNonnati
Page 95 and 96:
87CogongrassCharles BrysonCogongras
Page 98 and 99:
90Nepalese Browntop, Japanese Stilt
Page 100 and 101:
92Weeping LovegrassWeeping lovegras
Page 102 and 103:
94Invasive ForbsForbs are broadleaf
Page 104 and 105:
96Chinese LespedezaTed BodnerChines
Page 106 and 107:
98CrownvetchCrownvetch [Securigera
Page 108 and 109:
100Nodding Plumeless Thistle, Musk
Page 111 and 112:
103Resource InformationBooksBurrrel
Page 113 and 114:
105Resource Information (continued)
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117:
Page 120 and 121:
112Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive
Page 122 and 123:
114Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive
Page 124 and 125:
116Appendix B —Nonnative Invasive
Page 126 and 127:
118Appendix C —Low-Growing Native
Page 128:
120Pesticide Precautionary Statemen
Page 131:
The Forest Service, U.S. Department
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A Management Guide for Invasive Plants in Southern Forests James ...

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