10When possible, avoid driv<strong>in</strong>g vehicles, mowers, all-terra<strong>in</strong> vehicles (ATVs), or spray equipment through<strong>in</strong>festations <strong>in</strong> seed or fruit, especially late-flower<strong>in</strong>g cogongrass [Imperata cyl<strong>in</strong>drical (L.) Beauv.], and muskthistle (Carduus nutans L.). This is a very common means of spread <strong>for</strong> many species.Brush and wipe all seeds and debris from clothes, boots, socks, andpersonal protective equipment. Avoid wear<strong>in</strong>g cuffed pants whereseed may collect. Remove seeds from boot laces and soles be<strong>for</strong>emov<strong>in</strong>g between <strong>in</strong>fested sites. Carry large contractor-size refusebags to stand <strong>in</strong> while brush<strong>in</strong>g and remov<strong>in</strong>g seeds or placecontam<strong>in</strong>ated gear with<strong>in</strong> the bag <strong>for</strong> careful clean<strong>in</strong>g at adesignated location.When work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>vasive plant<strong>in</strong>festations, thoroughly cleanmotorized equipment, especiallythe undercarriage andtire surfaces, where seed andplant parts are often <strong>in</strong>advertentlycaught and transported.Seeds lodged <strong>in</strong> shoe sole.Pressure washers can beused <strong>in</strong> comb<strong>in</strong>ation with anarrow spade, scraper, and<strong>Invasive</strong> seeds stick to mower tire.Clean seeds and plants fromequipment with pressure washer.Cogongrass seeds on tractorradiator.Wilson Fairclothstiff brush to remove mud, soil,and debris. The undercarriage,radiator front, and eng<strong>in</strong>e compartmentsmust be <strong>in</strong>spectedExcess grease traps seeds.and washed when suspectedcontam<strong>in</strong>ates are present. Remove excess grease and oil that trapand carry seeds, fruits, and spores. Modify vehicles and equipment<strong>in</strong> ways that will prevent buildup of debris or use the most appropriatevehicle that has the least potential <strong>for</strong> contam<strong>in</strong>ation.<strong>Invasive</strong> plants hitchhike on mowers.
When mov<strong>in</strong>g cut <strong>in</strong>vasive plants that have fruits and seedsoffsite such as to a burn pile, always cover loads or bagbe<strong>for</strong>e transport.Monitor burn pile areas <strong>for</strong> new seedl<strong>in</strong>gs as the fire maynot consume or kill all seeds. Also, monitor any designateddecontam<strong>in</strong>ation sites <strong>for</strong> seedl<strong>in</strong>gs.Sometimes sanitation seems almost impossible whendeal<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>in</strong>vasive spore-<strong>for</strong>m<strong>in</strong>g species such as <strong>in</strong>vasiveclimb<strong>in</strong>g ferns, where spores are not easily seen. Avoidenter<strong>in</strong>g or work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>vasive climb<strong>in</strong>g fern <strong>in</strong>festations when spore clustersunder special leaves are present. If entry is unavoidable, complete sanitation ofall equipment, cloth<strong>in</strong>g, and workers is necessary to prevent potential spread.Plan entries <strong>in</strong>to climb<strong>in</strong>g fern <strong>in</strong>festations when sporesare not present, which is October to November <strong>in</strong> the temperate parts ofthe region.Use only noncontam<strong>in</strong>ated fill materials, mulches, and seeds. Inspect materialsources at the site of orig<strong>in</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>dications of contam<strong>in</strong>ation by <strong>in</strong>vasive plantsgrow<strong>in</strong>g on or near the area.Regularly <strong>in</strong>spect areas where offsite fill materials have been used and areasused by visitors and lessees.Be careful not to disturb areas where there is a high probability of <strong>in</strong>vasion.Most land disturb<strong>in</strong>g activities raise the potential<strong>for</strong> establishment of aggressive plant <strong>in</strong>vaders,especially when the <strong>in</strong>vaders occur nearby.Most likely po<strong>in</strong>ts of entry that need high-prioritysearch and surveillance are:Lands adjacent to lands you do not own, highways,county roads, and utility rights-of-way and theiredges and fencerows, especially after newconstruction or ma<strong>in</strong>tenance activitiesInternal roads, trails, and fire l<strong>in</strong>esLands next to streams, rivers, and lake shores,especially after recent flood<strong>in</strong>g or high-flowperiodsRecently prepared and seeded wildlifefood plotsHarvested, th<strong>in</strong>ned, burned, or storm-damagedareas dur<strong>in</strong>g the years follow<strong>in</strong>g disturbanceRoad ma<strong>in</strong>tenance canspread <strong>in</strong>vasive plants.<strong>Invasive</strong> plants spread along <strong>in</strong>ternal road shouldersBag <strong>in</strong>vasive plants <strong>for</strong> transportJane HargreavesBen JacksonCogongrass-<strong>in</strong>festedborrow pit.Cogongrass <strong>in</strong>vad<strong>in</strong>g fromtransmission l<strong>in</strong>e rightof-way.11Jane HargreavesPrivetDormant cogongrassSilktreeJohn McGuireCogongrass<strong>Invasive</strong> plant seeds movealong streams.