National Report of Sweden to the NKG General ... - LantmÃ¤teriet

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6marked in bedrock and theThe Swedish DGPS service EPOS is22RDS = Radio Data Systemapproximately 300 SWEREF pointsusing correction data from SWEPOS.EPOS is using the RDS 22 channel on theFM radio network for the distributionapproximate distance between them arearound 50 km. The observations lastedfor 2x24 hours, with a new set upand in July 2007 the operator of this between the sessions. They wereservice changed from Cartesia observed with antennas of DorneInformationsteknik AB to Teracom AB. Margolin T-type design and theBernese GPS software was used for theprocessing.1.5 The project RIX 95The large project RIX 95, whichinvolved GPS measurements ontriangulation stations and selected localcontrol points, was finalized in 2008. Itstarted already in 1995 and the workwas financed by a group of nationalagencies. The principal aim was toconnect local coordinate systems toboth the national reference frameSWEREF 99 and the old horizontalreference frame that SWEREF 99 hasreplaced, which is called RT 90.Another aim was to establish newpoints easily accessible for local GNSSmeasurements.The outcome of the project is 9029control points determined inSWEREF 99 and other existing national Figure 1.6: The 9029 control pointsreference frames, see Figure 1.6. The determined within the RIX 95 project thatoutcome also consists of transformation lasted 1995-2008.relations between these referenceframes as well as to local reference1.6 Implementation offrames used by the municipalities. Thetransformations are based on so-calledSWEREF 99direct projection (Engberg & Lilje,2006).By defining SWEREF 99 as an activereference frame we are exposed to relyon SWEPOS’ positioning services likeThe measurements were to large extentthe network RTK service. Allmade with standard equipment andalterations of equipment and softwarewith procedures for static observations.as well as movements at the stationsAround 300 of the points were howeverwill in the end affect the coordinates. Inmeasured in a way that coordinatesorder for the possibility to keep a checkwith very low uncertainty inon all these alterations, so-calledSWEREF 99 could be obtained. Theseconsolidation points have beenso-called SWEREF points are allintroduced (Engberg et al., 2010). The
7from the RIX 95 project are used for thispurpose, see Figure 1.7, and they willbe remeasured in a yearly programmewith 50 points each year.municipalities that have finalised thereplacement has increased from 11 to192 during the four past years.In this process, a rectification ofdistorted geometries in the localreference frames is needed. Thetransformation parameters obtainedfrom RIX 95 together with correctionmodels based on new GNSSmeasurements are used for thispurpose. The rectification is made by aso-called rubber sheeting algorithm andthe result will be that all geographicaldata are positioned in a homogenousreference frame, the nationalSWEREF 99.Figure 1.7: The approximately 300 socalledSWEREF points from the RIX 95project.A formal decision regarding mapprojections for SWEREF 99 for bothnational mapping and local surveyingwas taken in 2003. All the projectionsare of the Transverse Mercator type. InJanuary 2007, Lantmäteriet replacedRT 90 with SWEREF 99 (and thenational map projection calledSWEREF 99 TM) in all databases andproduct lines. A new map sheetdivision and a new index system werealso adopted.The work regarding theimplementation of SWEREF 99 amongother authorities in Sweden, such aslocal ones, is in progress (Kempe et al.,2010). 87 % of the 290 Swedishmunicipalities have started the processto replace their old reference frameswith SWEREF 99. The number of1.7 Implementation of RH 2000The national height system RH 2000 isbased on the third precise levelling ofSweden that lasted 1978-2003. The finaladjustment was done in 2005. The landuplift model used called NKG2005LUwas adopted as a Nordic model byNKG in 2006. The model is based on acombination and modification of themathematical model of Olav Vestøl andthe geophysical model of Lambeck,Smither and Ekman (Ågren &Svensson, 2007). The network consistsof about 50,000 bench marks,representing roughly 50,000 km doublerun precise levelling measured bymotorised levelling technique.However, the third precise levellingcontinued on the island of Gotland in2007. These observations were adjustedand connected to the mainland inRH 2000 in 2008 through a combinationof tide gauge and GNSS/levellingobservations, complemented bygeoid/oceanographic models.
Page 1 and 2: National Report of Sweden to the NK
Page 3 and 4: 3- Provide DGPS 13 /DGNSS 14correct
Page 5: 5a flexible and redundant service,
Page 9 and 10: 9Lantmäteriet has since 2007 madei
Page 11 and 12: 11(Lidberg, 2007). The other one, t
Page 13 and 14: 132. Geodetic activities at KTH,the
Page 15 and 16: 153. Geodetic activities atChalmers
Page 17 and 18: 17comparison and evaluation offrequ
Page 19 and 20: 19importance for the operational we
Page 21 and 22: 214. ReferencesAndersson J V (2008)
Page 23 and 24: 23List of published geodetic papers
Page 25 and 26: 25International journalsNorin D (20
Page 27 and 28: 27Francis O et al. (among others En
Page 29 and 30: 29EUREF, 2006 Symposium, June14-17
Page 31 and 32: 31Tregoning & Rizos (eds) (2007):Dy
Page 33 and 34: 33International postersJämtnäs L,
Page 35 and 36: 35Swedish journalsnummer 2 april-ju
Page 37 and 38: 37Swedish conference proceedingsand
Page 39 and 40: 39Other publicationsEkman M & Ågre
Page 41 and 42: 41biases in gradiometry, Contr.Geop
Page 43 and 44: 43Kiamehr R. and Eshagh M. (2008)Es
Page 45 and 46: 45List of published geodetic papers
Page 47 and 48: 47Haas Rüdiger, Scherneck Hans-Geo
Page 49 and 50: 49the atmospheric water vapourconte
Page 51 and 52: 51April 2009, IEEE catalog number:C
Page 53 and 54: 53Olsson Per-Anders, Scherneck Hans

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