~Wtt&1 - - Hoover Library

problems, and to international conferences on particlephysics or literature.In the classroom, they are seldom the professors ofthe past: the witty, cultured gentlemen and ladiesortedious pedants-who know Greek, Latin, French,literature, art, music, and history fairly well. Theyare now earnest, expert specialists who know algebraicgeometry or international monetary economics-and not much more than that-cxceediug£y well.Sensing America's needs, a growing number ofthem are attracted to research, and many prefer itto teaching. And those who are not auracted areoften pushed by an academic "rating system"which, in effect, gives its highest rewards and promotionsto people who conduct research and writeabout the results they achieve. "Publish or perish"is the professors' succinct, if somewhat overstated,way of describing how the system operates.Since many of the scholars-and especially theyoungest instructors-are more dedicated and "focused"than their predecessors of yesteryear, theallegiance of professors has to a large degree shiftedfrom their college and university to their academicdiscipline. A radio-astronomer first, a Siwash professorsecond, might be a fair way of putting it.There is much talk about giving control of theuniversities back to the faculties, but there are strongindications that, when the opportunity is offered,the faculty members don't want it. Academic decision-makinginvolves committee work, elaborate investigations,and lengthy deliberations-time awayfrom their laboratories and books. Besides, manyprofessors fully expect to move soon, to anothercollege or to industry or government, so why botherabout the curriculum or rules of student conduct?Then, too, some of them plead an inability to takepart in broad decision-making since they are expertin only one limited area. "I'm a geologist," said oneprofessor in the West. "What would I know aboutadmissions policies or student demonstrations?"Professors have had to narrow their scholarly interestschiefly because knowledge has advanced to apoint where it is no longer possible to master morethan a tiny portion of it. Physicist Randall Whaley,who is now chancellor of the University of Missouriat Kansas City, has observed: "There is about100 times as much to know now as was availablein 1900. By the year 2000, there will be over1,000 times as much." (Since 1950 the number ofscholarly periodicals has increased from 45,000 to