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Unbundling takes this concept one step further and linksparking requirements to auto ownership instead of homeownership. In typical units where parking is bundled, tenantspay for the unit and the parking space as a single cost.Unbundling removes the parking component from the costof residential or commercial space and allows residents andtenants to buy or lease parking only if they need it.There are two primary benefits to unbundling 9 :Reduced housing costs and greater housing affordability.Tenants who do not intend to use off-street parking cansave the expense of purchasing a parking space with theirunit. Unbundling parking can thus increase the affordabilityof housing, which is an especially important issue in SanFrancisco, where the cost of housing can be beyond themeans of many households.Induced changes in travel behavior. Bundled off-streetparking gives the impression that parking is “free”, whenin reality; the cost of the unit is greater than a unit withoutoff-street parking. Unbundling parking reveals the actualcost of parking to the tenant and can affect the perception ofthe cost of owning a car compared to the cost of alternativemodes of travel such as transit. By increasing awarenessof the hidden costs of auto ownership, unbundling parkingcould ultimately help to induce changes in travel behavior,such as decreasing auto dependency and encouragingmore sustainable travel patterns on transit, bicycles, andby foot.Unbundled parking is currently required in the Transbay,Rincon Hill, Central Waterfront, and Eastern Neighborhoods,and is a standard condition for any housing projects needingapproval of the Planning Commission.Employee/Visitor Parking Elements• Parking will be designed to serve all commercial land uses.Where shared parking opportunities exist (e.g., a facilityprovides parking for service uses during the day and arestaurant during the evening), the parking requirementswill be reduced accordingly;• All on- and off-street parking will be paid parking;• Parking rates will ideally be set equivalent to fairmarket value and not subsidized by tenants or buildingoperators;• No discounts will be allowed for “early bird” or “in by/outby” long-term parking, and no discounted monthly parkingpasses will be allowed; and• Preferred parking spaces will be reserved for carpool/vanpool/carshare vehicles.In addition to the above elements, off-street parking will bepriced according to the following principles:• Free or discounted parking will be available for rideshare/vanpool users;• Parking will be more expensive than transit options;• Parking fee structures will encourage short-term retailtrips and strongly discourage long-term parking/employeeparking; and• Assessment of parking fees would begin before the morningcommute period and end after the evening commuteperiod to discourage use of automobiles for home-basedwork trips among project residents.9 Klipp, Luke. “The Real Costs of San Francisco’s Off-Street Residential Parking Requirements: An analysisof parking’s impact on housing finance ability and affordability.” (2004).65Transportation Program