drinking water <strong>and</strong> Chen her work on copper pitting as postdocs.Master’s students Yan Zhang <strong>and</strong> Changmin Lee areextending Chen’s research on anaerobic iron corrosion. JeffParks is revealing a new treatment method that can effectivelyremove boron from drinking water. This method shouldreceive widespread attention as industry begins to focus onthis important emerging contaminant. Julia Novak is finishingup studies that explain how bubble formation inside pipescan cause premature pipeline failure.Watershed monitoring <strong>and</strong> modelingAdil Godrej continued his research work with TomGrizzard at the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory inthe National Capital Region. This research includes watershed<strong>and</strong> river monitoring, water quality assessment studies, <strong>and</strong>watershed <strong>and</strong> reservoir modeling. The work is sponsored bythe Virginia Department of <strong>Environmental</strong> Quality, the MetropolitanWashington Council of Governments, the FairfaxCounty Health Department, the City of Manassas, the NorthernVirginia Regional Commission, the consulting firm ofGreeley <strong>and</strong> Hansen, Prince William County, <strong>and</strong> the LoudounCounty Sanitation Authority. Last year, Prince William Countyfunded an ongoing research project on the pollutant retention<strong>and</strong> export characteristics of bioretention facilities, which areincreasingly used in urban areas as part of low-impact development(LID) implementation <strong>and</strong> a replacement for conventionalbest management practices (BMPs).Late last year, Godrej <strong>and</strong> his student completed a twoyeareffort calibrating a linked Occoquan Watershed <strong>and</strong>Reservoir model. The model was presented recently to theNorthern Virginia Regional Commission’s OccoquanWatershed Technical Advisory Committee (a body consistingof regional, local, state, <strong>and</strong> public representatives from 16organizations), was well-received, <strong>and</strong> the research will continueto be funded for the foreseeable future to provide continuousmodel improvement <strong>and</strong> development. This will supportat least one Ph.D.-level student. Godrej serves on theMetropolitan Washington Council of Governments’s RegionalMonitoring Subcommittee, the EPA Chesapeake Bay ProgramAnalytic Methods <strong>and</strong> Quality Assurance Workgroup, amongothers, <strong>and</strong> has recently been appointed to Prince WilliamCounty’s Chesapeake Bay Preservation Area Review Board.He was also a member of a technical group consisting of federal,state <strong>and</strong> local agencies that conducted a study of a zebramussel infestation in a quarry in Northern Virginia <strong>and</strong>assessed <strong>and</strong> recommended an eradication protocol.Water quality <strong>and</strong> reuseTom Grizzard continued as the director of the OccoquanLaboratory in Manassas <strong>and</strong> as CEE program director at theNorthern Virginia Center in Falls Church. Grizzard was reappointedto serve on the state licensing board for waterworks<strong>and</strong> wastewater works operators, <strong>and</strong> continued serving on adrought management task force for the City of Manassas, theDepartment of Environ-mental Quality Academic AdvisoryCommittee for Nutrient Criteria, <strong>and</strong> the Scientific <strong>and</strong>Technical Advisory Committee to the EPA Chesapeake BayProgram. He also worked with local, state, <strong>and</strong> federal agenciesto develop a plan to eradicate a confined zebra musselinfestation in Northern Virginia.Grizzard’s professional society activities include membershipon the American Waterworks Association Source WaterProtection Committee, the Joint Water Reuse Committee of theVirginia Section of AWWA <strong>and</strong> the Virginia Water EnvironmentAssociation. He is a member of an international panel toreview the implementation of a series of wastewater reclamation<strong>and</strong> reuse projects in the Republic of Singapore. InSeptember, Grizzard was inducted into the Academy ofDistinguished Alumni of the Via Department of <strong>Civil</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong>. Grizzard’s research explores nonpointsource <strong>and</strong> urban runoff control, water reuse, <strong>and</strong> waterquality management in lakes <strong>and</strong> reservoirs. Recent projectsinclude the development of microcosm cascades to evaluatedenitrification rates in full-scale sediment-water systems,development of a web-enabled system to distribute criticalinformation to public utility infrastructure stakeholders, evalu-PROGRAM AREAS: EWRTidal estuaries:Using depth <strong>and</strong>flow measurements,David Kibler <strong>and</strong>graduate student AndrewHammond (MS<strong>2004</strong>) worked on anumerical model forthe distribution <strong>and</strong>movement of pollutantsin Virginia’sAppomattox River.18U.S. National Oceanic <strong>and</strong> Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce
ation of the performance of bioretention facilities in treatingurban stormwater, <strong>and</strong> modeling challenges to disinfectantresidual effectiveness in water distribution systems.Tidal estuaries <strong>and</strong> urbanizing watershedsDavid Kibler conducted research on tidal estuary modeling,with emphasis on tidal hydrodynamics <strong>and</strong> mixing in highinflow systems. He also examined various design methods forretrofitting large regional detention structures as enhancedwater quality facilities. He continues to work on problems ofurbanizing watersheds <strong>and</strong> what this means in terms of floodhazard increase, drought severity <strong>and</strong> in-stream habitatimpacts. He <strong>and</strong> his students presented several papers onthese issues this year, with journal papers appearing in theJournal of <strong>Engineering</strong> with Computers <strong>and</strong> the Journal of theAmerican Water Resources Association.Kibler earned a Virginia Tech Certificate of TeachingExcellence this past year. This past spring, his hydraulic structuresdesign class developed a feasibility report on the restorationof a 26-foot overshot water wheel located in Fishers Hilljust outside Strasburg, Va. The original water wheel/generatorhad served as the primary source of power for the village ofFishers Hill into the mid-1940s <strong>and</strong> the owners are hoping torestore it to operational level. The restoration project providedan outst<strong>and</strong>ing field trip <strong>and</strong> design experience for theclass. Kibler continues as faculty advisor to the Virginia Techchapter of the AWRA, completing his seventh year in thatposition. He also just completed his third <strong>and</strong> final year ascoordinator for the CEE Hydrosystems Program.Predicting oxygenationJohn Little’s research included developing models to predictthe impact of hypolimnetic oxygenation in lakes <strong>and</strong>reservoirs, characterizing the sources <strong>and</strong> sinks of volatile <strong>and</strong>semi-volatile compounds in the indoor environment, <strong>and</strong> predictingexposure to chemical contaminants in drinking water.During the past year, his research group comprised LeeBryant, Paul Gantzer, Eunyoung Kim, Dan McGinnis, VickieSingleton, <strong>and</strong> Huali Yuan, all Ph.D. students, as well as SteveCox, a research associate. Dan McGinnis was graduated <strong>and</strong>is serving as a postdoc at the Swiss Federal Institute for<strong>Environmental</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology (EAWAG).With George Filz of Geotechnical <strong>Engineering</strong>, Little cochairsthe interdisciplinary doctoral program in <strong>Environmental</strong>Biogeochemistry. This program involves eight faculty members,three departments, <strong>and</strong> three colleges, <strong>and</strong> is funded bythe U.S. Department of Education. This past year, Little gaveinvited presentations at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China;Sweet Briar College, Sweet Briar, Va.; <strong>and</strong> the University of LaRochelle in La Rochelle, France. He also gave the keynoteaddress at the <strong>2004</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>and</strong> ScienceProgram Symposium at the University of Illinois.Drinking water networksG.V. Loganathan conducted research <strong>and</strong> teaching inwater resources systems engineering <strong>and</strong> surface waterhydrology. As part of a team, he is currently studying valveplacement strategies for subsystem isolation in drinking waternetworks. He is also studying a suitable indicator for the watersupply potential of a region. This year, Loganathan publishedpapers in several journals <strong>and</strong> at international <strong>and</strong> nationalconferences. He serves as vice-chair of the OperationsManagement Committee <strong>and</strong> also serves on the WaterResources Systems Committee of the ASCE. He is on an ASCEnational task committee developing systems analysis casestudies for use in university classes. He is an associate editorof ASCE’s Journal of Hydrologic <strong>Engineering</strong>.Wastewater treatmentNancy Love’s research group has continued work on sixon-going projects <strong>and</strong> started on four new projects this year.An EPA project focusing on development of biosensors forenvironmental monitoring was continued by Via Scholar KatherineLinares. This effort is a collaboration with Brian Love ofMaterials Science <strong>and</strong> <strong>Engineering</strong> <strong>and</strong> Kathleen Meehan ofElectrical <strong>and</strong> Computer <strong>Engineering</strong>. Funded by the WaterEnvironment Research Foundation, Ph.D. students Rick Kelly<strong>and</strong> Ines Henriques investigated stress mechanisms in complexactivated sludge cultures. M.S. student Rachelle Rhodes<strong>and</strong> visiting Finnish scholar Irina Chakraborty completed theirefforts on an EPA Hazardous Substances Research Center–funded project that looked at the impact of dynamic chemicalfluxes on the function <strong>and</strong> structure of microbial populationsin the subsurface. Ph.D. Via Fellow Joy Fraga Muller continuedinvestigating basic cellular response differences betweensuspended <strong>and</strong> attached growth bacteria to chemical perturbations.Love continues collaboration with Peter Vikesl<strong>and</strong>. Oneproject, funded by AWWRF explores the impact on bacteria(particularly nitrifying bacteria) in drinking water pipes whendisinfection practices are changed. Via scholar AnnaZaklikowski is evaluating the impact of disinfection practiceson nitrifying bacteria. With a grant from Parsons <strong>Engineering</strong><strong>and</strong> Science, Vikesl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Love are evaluating remediationtechnologies for chlorinated ethers that have contaminatedvarious subsurface environments. A project on sustainablephosphorus waste management with concentrated dairy feedingoperations, funded by the Cooperative Institute for Coastal<strong>and</strong> Estuarine <strong>Environmental</strong> Toxicology, has continued incollaboration with Katherine Knowlton of Dairy Science, MaryLeigh Wolfe of the biological systems engineering department,<strong>and</strong> Greg Mullins of crop <strong>and</strong> soil environmental science.Three new multidisciplinary projects begin this fall. One,funded by CICEET, focuses on nitrogen removal from concentrateddairy wastes. The second is a three-year NASA projectthat investigates biological treatment of human wastes for sustainedoperations on the moon or Mars. The third new grantis a multi-university NSF planning grant focusing on environmentalstewardship <strong>and</strong> monitoring along the coastal margin,where 80 percent of the U.S. population lives.Air qualityLinsey Marr had a productive first year at Virginia Tech.Her research group is opening new areas of research thatfocuses on motor vehicle emissions <strong>and</strong> their impact on airquality. <strong>Environmental</strong> engineering student Claire Booth wona scholarship from the Air <strong>and</strong> Waste Management Associationfor her work on the volatilization of organics from a contaminatedgroundwater site (in collaboration with John Novak<strong>and</strong> Mark Widdowson). Student Mei Jiang is continuing toanalyze data collected in a study of air quality <strong>and</strong> emissionsin Mexico City, in collaboration with Luisa <strong>and</strong> Mario Molinaat MIT. During the past year, Marr’s paper on polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons was published in <strong>Environmental</strong> Science<strong>and</strong> Technology <strong>and</strong> her work on the weekend ozone effectwas featured in The Los Angeles Times.PROGRAM AREAS: EWR19