A Phonemic Analysis of the Apurinã Language

V.b.V.b.V.b.V.b.Vowels (cont.)/ι/ /ε/ /ʌ/o'kiε 'scissors'ιsι'bεkʌ 'he went'kai'ȼayε 'mountain'oki'pεtʌ 'her spindle'Vowels (cont.)[i̵] /ε/ /ʌ/api̵ŋ'kιrι'red stain, paint'sa·'mi̵rι'envira (um tipo)'ι'pi̵rι'his younger brother'ιsam'pi̵rι 'dead branch'Vowels (cont.)/ɛ̃/ /ʌ̃/ /ʌ/ι'tεntε 'his forehead'amʌ'εntʌ 'let's look'tatʌ'bɛ̃ 'vinho de umari'kυŋ'kυ̃ɛ̃ 'parrot'ι'tʌntʌ 'his shell'amʌ'ʌntʌ 'let's drink'nιεnʌ'mʌ̃ 'my saliva'kυ'ʌ̃ 'macaco zogue-zogue'aa'niʌ 'weeds'mʌki'bʌkʌ 'man's name'ta'wayʌ 'whippoorwill'oki'pʌtʌ 'she hides'anʌpʌŋ'kιrι'male puppy'sæ·'mʌrι'envira (outro tipo)'kι'pʌrι'sweet potato''ama·m'pʌrι 'let's fetch it'ι'mεŋko 'lightning' ι'mʌŋkʌ 'his clothes' ι'mʌkʌ 'he sleeps'i'čĩʌ̃ 'smoke''ničiʌ 'it won't do'ka'pυ̃ʌ̃ 'strong (tobacco)' ma'pυʌ 'cotton'mapi'ʌ̃ 'dark'oyυ'piʌ 'a bird'ιpυ'ʌ̃ 'pond, puddle' ι'pυʌ 'lake'ιki'rʌ̃ 'over there' ι'kirʌ 'that one (m.)'a'wʌ̃· 'is there?''awʌ 'there is'Vowels (cont.)/ε/[ε] [æ] [ε] and [æ]konι'ȼε·'nεgʌ 'it doesn't konι'ȼæ·'nεgʌ 'it doesn't where their use appearsstop'stop'to be consistent:ιm'pε·rε'pirυ 'straight ιm'pæ·rε'pirυ 'straight(arrow)'(arrow)'[ε]'nεrε'gʌrι 'it isn't good' 'nærε'gʌrι 'it isn't good' εtʌ'pʌnι 'ashes'nι'mεkυ 'my paddle' nι'mækυ 'my paddle' i'impε 'his fat, suet'k y ε'gυči 'hammock' k y æ'gυči 'hammock' ta'tabε 'umari starch'23