A Phonemic Analysis of the Apurinã Language

V.b.Vowels (cont.)/æ/ /æ̃/ /a/ and /ã/ιm'pæ·rε'pirυ 'straightιmbʌ'ȼæ·'pæ̃·rι 'ice cold'(arrow)'nʌpʌ'wæ·'rιrι 'he isgood'nʌpʌ'wæ·'ræro 'she isgood'/æ/sæ·'mʌrι 'envira(one kind)''mæpʌ 'evening star'mæ'gυči 'paddle'a'šæmιtι 'a little'poŋkʌmʌrʌ'pæ̃·rι 'it'sreally red'æ'ræ̃ 'later on'/a/sa·'mi̶̵rι 'envira(different kind)''mapʌ 'honey'makυ'rιnʌ 'arrow'a'šamιtʌ 'we get firewood'/æ̃/æ'ræ̃ 'later on'poŋkʌmʌrʌ'pæ̃·rι 'it'sreally red'/ã/a'rã 'he flies'ʌmpã'ãrι 'it is juicy'V.b.Vowels (cont.)/a/initial = [a] medial = [a] ~ [ʌ] final = [ʌ]a·bυ'gυči 'house' ι'mʌtʌ 'he knows' 'okʌ 'he kills'a'ri 'yes' pε'tʌmʌtʌ 'you see' nι'kιmbιtʌ 'my ear'a'kani 'pequiá' nι'nʌmʌ 'my mouth' ι'torotʌ 'his chest'atι'nιrυ 'a toad' ι'pʌnʌ 'his liver' ι'kirʌ 'that one'a'nʌnʌ 'pineapple' pomʌ'marι 'it is black' o'nipʌ 'her louse'a'rυkʌ 'he washes' ni'pači 'lice' 'kibʌ 'what?'a'wiri 'tobacco' ι'sawʌnʌ 'river' 'nambʌ 'where?'atυ'kači 'sun' ιtʌ'bιk y ε 'shin' 'konʌ 'no''mapʌ 'honey' koʌ'narι 'table' ι'nikʌ 'he eats (food)'amʌn'tι·rι 'fruit' po'arʌkʌnυ 'teach me' ι'čimʌ 'he eats (fruit)'aa'mιnʌ 'tree' εtʌ'pʌnι 'ashes' 'εtʌ 'he looks'akʌ'ȼʌtʌ 'he bites' ι'tapυ 'his bow' 'owʌ 'she (not present)'atʌ'garι 'new' 'nærε'gʌrι 'it isn't good' 'awʌ 'there is''amʌsʌ 'let's go'antι'gʌgʌgʌ 'some, 'ιȼʌ 'string'a few''wai 'here' ι'kʌmʌ 'he does' ma'pυʌ 'cotton'anʌm'bʌnʌrι 'female dog' ι'mʌkʌ 'he sleeps' 'ιsʌ 'he goes'25