Series VI: Medical Sciences – SUPPLEMENT ... - Krongres

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Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov • Vol. 2 (51) - 2009 Series 6: Medical Sciences Supplement – Proceeding of The IVth Balkan Congress of History of Medicine DISEASE AND DEATH IN THE WORK OF EUGENE IONESCO A-J. FABRE 1 Abstract: Ten years after his death, Eugen Ionesco is still the most celebrated playwright in France. In most great pieces of art, comedy and tragedy live side by side, and this confirmed in Exit the King, written while Ionesco was ill and frightened of death The play holds a narrow link between comedy and tragedy : disease is seen by Ionesco as a disgrace to the intrinsic existence, medicine as burlesque distraction in the fate of human beings and physicians as grotesque personages anxious to assert their authority on patients. The Théatre de l'Absurde had a deep impact in France but very powerful links have always existed in French cultural life between France and Romania, among many other examples : Stephane Lupasco, Tristan Tzara, Emil Cioran, Paul Celan and Martha Lahovary, better known as Princess Bibesco Key words: Ionesco, Exit the King, Romania, Theatre of Absurd Ten years after his death, Eugen Ionesco is still the most celebrated playwright in France. His life was shared between France and Romania : Ionesco was born in 1909 in Slatina near Bucharest, but, soon after, was brought by his family to Paris but, in 1922 Ionesco returned to Romania together with his sister. There; he learnt Romanian and attended the college Sfântul Sava in Bucharest and passed the baccalaureate at the secondary school in Craiova in 1928. In 1938, Ionesco comes back to Paris after having obtained a state grant to write a thesis (which he never finished…) on "Topics of sin and topics of death in French poetry since Baudelaire". However, when the 2nd World War was declared, he decided to return home to work there as French teacher at Sfântul Sava. 1 International Société for Hstory of Medicine, France Now the situation in Romania was so bad that Ionesco, in May 1942 , had no other choice than return to France with his wife Rodica Burileanu. A long difficult period began for Ionesco until the fifties and the premiere of his play, "The Bald Soprano" still performed at the Théatre de la Huchette in Paris : the 15000th representation was recently celebrated ! Ionesco gained gradually fame in the sixties as founder of the Theatre of Absurd, capturing, alongside Samuel Beckett, Jean Genet, and Arthur Adamov, all the meaninglessness of existence. Celebrated everywhere in the world, Ionesco, suffering since long time of a severe form of diabetes, died in Paris in 1994 In most great pieces of art, comedy and tragedy live side by side, and this is the case with Eugene Ionesco’s Exit the King,
190 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Bra�ov • Vol. 2 (51) - 2009 • Series VI the most emblematic play of Ionesco created by Jacques Mauclair in 1962 at the Théatre de l'Alliance in Paris. In the play, a parodic patriarch is ruling over less than a thousand prematurely-aged subjects : now he feels that death will come soon and howls against his fate, moving from denial to terror towards a final, moving, acceptance Around the King, two rival queens, Marie who tries to make Berenger face the reality of his impending death and the sweet Marguerite, attempting to keep the King from knowing that end is imminent. There is also a domestic help, Juliette, the wide-eyed servant, a Guard always prone to commemorate the Past and the Doctor, central symbol of authority proclaimed: both executioner physician, astrologer and bacteriologist Ionesco in this play views medicine as mere distraction to help humans forget their fate, disease as a disgrace to intrinsic existence and physicians as grotesque personages only anxious to assert full authority on their patients. References 1. Béhar H.: Le théâtre dada et surréaliste. Gallimard, Paris, 1979 2. Bonnefoy Cl.. "Entretiens avec Eugène Ionesco". "Entre la vie et la rêve". Pierre Belfond. Gallimard, Paris, 1966. 3. Cleynen-Serghiev E.: La jeunesse littéraire d'Eugène Ionesco. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1993 4. sselin M.. The Théâtre of the absurde. Doubleday, New York. 1961 5. Hamdan A.. Ionescu avant Ionesco : portrait de l'artiste en jeune homme. P. Lang, Berne, 1993 6. Ionesco E.. Littérature roumaine suivi de Grosse chaleur. Fata Morgana, Saint-Clément-la-Rivière, 1998 7. Ionescu G.. Les Débuts littéraires roumains d'Eugène Ionesco. 1926- 1940. C. Winter, Heidelberg, 1989 8. Jacquart E.. Le théâtre de dérision. Gallimard, Paris, 1974 9. Plazy G.. Eugène Ionesco : le rire et l'espérance : une biographie. Julliard, Paris, 1994 10. Stolojan S.. Au balcon de l'exil roumain à Paris : avec Cioran. Eugène Ionesco. Mircea Eliade. Vintila Horia l'Harmattan, Paris Montréal (Québec) 1999
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Series VI: Medical Sciences – SUPPLEMENT ... - Krongres

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