Series VI: Medical Sciences – SUPPLEMENT ... - Krongres

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Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Bra�ov • Vol. 2 (51) - 2009 Series 6: Medical Sciences Supplement – Proceeding of The IV th Balkan Congress of History of Medicine THE EFFECTS OF THE MEDICAL FUNCTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE IN SÜLEYMAN�YE DAR’US SIFA OF THE OTTOMAN DAR’US SIFAS BETÜL BAKIR 1 , �BRAHIM BA�A�AO�LU 2 Abstract: While the domed, yard type or closed yard type system had been holding on since Anatolian Seljuks constructed the main theme again in Ottoman, the devotion of Seljuks to the yawn-dome-yard-crown door relationship turned into complicate projects which responded to the needs more towards improving architectural orders, static improvements, the needs of the patients and the effects of renaissance which was the demand mode of the west. So that, Ottoman Dar’us Sifas, formed a prototype of the first hospitals in the West and America. Süleymaniye Dar’us Sifa was a treatment center for mental patients and other patients serving for a high number of patients in its period and was greatly improved with its bath, pharmaceutical warehouse, special part sheltering heavy mental patients, wide patient rooms with high ceiling and aeration, madrasah related to the construction just on the opposite, shops providing income for the vaqf, bakery, fountain, toilettes, Darüzziyafe (restaurant) building on the east side. After we give the architectural specialties of Seljuk and Ottoman Dar’us Sifas in this article, we will deal with Süleymaniye Dar’us Sifa of Sinan Period Dar’us Sifas as a whole. Key words: Süleymaniye Dar’us Sifa, treatment, architectural specialties Süleymaniye Dar’us Sifa which was designed within the body of social complex and constructed by Mimar Sinan in the years 1553-1559 when was called as his masterbuilder period, confronts us with a different design of central composition between rectangular shaped two yards and bodies lined up around them. There is a ward in the cellar in which hopeless mental patients were sheltered in bulk and shops that are opening to the exterior street. There is Medicine Madrasah and Darülâkâkir (pharmaceutical warehouse) 1 Yildiz Technical University Istanbul / Turkiye 2 Istanbul University, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasha, Istanbul / Turkiye just on the opposite of the construction. Treatment with music was also carried out in the hospital in which approximately thirty employees were serving till XIX century. As it was in Seljuks, in Ottoman Dar’us Sifas, the treatment purpose baths serving to the patients have taken part in the social complex, as for Süleymaniye Dar’u Sifa, the bath is not on another construction but it is incorporated into the Dar’us Sifa. The fountain which is providing freshness and mental relaxation with the
72 Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Bra�ov • Vol. 2 (51) - 2009 • Series VI flux of the water is in the second yard to which all the rooms are opened. In the west entry of the first yard of the construction, there is a double domed, wide area bakery place where a kind of bread named fodla is baked for the patients. Süleymaniye Dar’us Sifa was a treatment center for mental patients and other patients serving for a high number of patients in its period and was greatly improved with its bath, pharmaceutical warehouse, special part sheltering heavy mental patients, wide patient rooms with high ceiling and aeration, madrasah related to the construction just on the opposite, shops providing income for the vaqf, bakery, fountain, toilettes, Darüzziyafe (restaurant) building on the east side. The Specialities of Ottoman Dar’us Sifas Ottoman Empire had had its greatest period under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent, its lands extended from Austria to Arabia while Egypt was included in North Africa, in addition, The Red Sea and East Mediterranean had become Turkish Seas. In every part of the empire art and culture were paid attention, many works of art, bridges, fountains, baths, schools, mosques, dar’us sifas, etc were built. �stanbul, which was the capital of Ottoman is magnificently reflecting most of the works of art that we talk about today and exhibiting the richness of the period. The Selatin mosques and magnificent social complexes which were built by Sultans or their wives in �stanbul, today also constitute the landmarks which determine the silhouette of the city. 1. Military Hospitals: Mobile and stable military hospitals were built in different parts of the empire in order to cover the needs of the army (1) 2. Palace Hospitals; The Hospital of odalisques which were built in Topkapı Palace in 15th century by Conquror Sultan Mehmed and The Palace Hospital made by Turkish-Mongol Emperor Ekber in Fatehpur-Sikri in the date 1569 are the oldest palace hospitals standing today with their original conditions (2). 3. Dar’us Sifas and Madrasahs which were built for public; Ottomans went on working their dar’us sifas which were coming from Seljuk Period with the foundations. Some of these were respectively dar’us sifas such as Bursa, Edirne, �stanbul ve Selanik, Belgrad, Budape�te extending to the Balkans afterwards. Especially in the 16th century, many treatment centers had been built but apart from the Hospital of the odalisques in the Topkapı Palace and the ones made by Architect Sinan any of them determined to reach our day. Generally, the aim of the dar’us sifas built within the body of a social complex is to serve for public and benefit from the other places serving. Fatih social complex was the first big extensive constructions group and education unit was built by Conqueror Sultan Mehmed. Positioned on a hill prevailing to �stanbul by Architect Sinan and ordered by the sultan to be done by selecting the best marbles, stones and masters of the country, Süleymaniye social complex which was built after nearly hundred years from Fatih social complex is an important religious and social center with its dar’us sifa which we can accept as a step in the development of Ottoman health institutions with its library among the counted libraries of our day, in the medicine madrasah of where the best professors of the period give lessons and bring up famous doctors. Orders were made to extract and bring valuable marbles, colored columns from the historical constructions in the empire in order
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