Nature - autonomous learning

More documents

Recommendations

Info

notes 257teaching (Gregory et al. 2002). Because of space constraints I cannot conveythis diversity and division here.3 This is not to imply that physical geographers never undertake laboratoryexperiments or laboratory analysis of data gathered in the field. They frequentlydo both, but the ultimate aim is to use laboratory study in order to understandthe real environment.4 Though this niche is an important one, physical geographers often feel thatother natural scientists are suspicious about the rigour of their research. Thereis a perception, some physical geographers maintain, that their field is deemeda ‘lesser science’ than, say, physics or chemistry.5 For instance, Thornes and McGregor (2003) make this argument in relation tothe study of climate.6 Though not physical geographers and physical geography thus far, exceptingDemeritt’s work.7 Scientists also frequently ask ‘what?’ questions, relating less to causes andeffects (i.e. explanation) and more to describing the nature of a phenomenathat is little known.8 Haines-Young and Petch (1986: ch. 1) define the terms ‘model’, ‘theory’ and‘law’ in the physical-geography context with greater precision than I can here.9 Rather as Forsyth did in his research in the Himalayas – refer back to thesection ‘Re-presenting nature’ in Chapter 3.10 The term ‘retroduction’ is also used to describe a process of identifying pastevents and processes on the basis of present-day evidence. So-called ‘abduction’is also an important aspect of many physical geographers’ investigations.This is discussed in Box 4.6.11 Feyeraband is often seen as one of the inspirations for SSK.12 These four bodies of thought about how the non-human world operates, whilebeing far from identical, emphasise the non-linearity, unpredictability andirregularity of biophysical phenomena at a number of spatio-temporal scales.13 There are interesting debates in physical geography as to whether the fieldis – or should be – value-free (see, for example, the Annals of the Association ofAmerican Geographers, 1998). In addition, a few physical geographers havecalled for the formal inclusion of ethical arguments in their research – see, forexample, Richards (2003b).
12345678901112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445BIBLIOGRAPHYAbramovitz, J. (2001) ‘Averting unnatural disasters’ in L. Brown (ed.) State of theWorld (London: Earthscan) pp. 123–43.Ackerman, E. (1945) ‘Geographic training, wartime research and immediateprofessional interests’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 35:121–43.Adams, W.M. (1996) Future Nature: A Vision for Conservation (London: Earthscan).Adams, W.M. and M. Mulligan (2002) (eds) Decolonising Nature: Strategies forConservation in a Postcolonial Era (London: Earthscan).Agnew, J., D. Livingstone and A. Rogers (eds) (1996) Human Geography (Oxford:Blackwell).Anderson, K. (2001) ‘The nature of “race”’ in N. Castree and B. Braun (eds) SocialNature (Oxford: Blackwell) pp. 64–83.Annals of the Association of American Geographers (1998) ‘Science, policy and ethicsforum’, 88, 2: 277–310.Antipode (2005) ‘Symposium on Hybrid Geographies’, 37, 5.Bagnold, R.A. (1941) The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes (London:Methuen).Baker, V. (1999) ‘The pragmatic roots of American Quaternary geology andgeomorphology’, Geomorphology 16, 2: 197–215.Bakker, K. and G. Bridge (2003) ‘Material worlds? Revisiting the matter of nature’,unpublished paper, available from the authors.Banton, M. (1998) Racial Theories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Barker, C. (2000) Cultural Studies (London: Sage).Barrett, L. (1999) ‘Particulars in context’, Annals of the Association of AmericanGeographers 89, 4: 707–12.Barrett, M. (1992) The Politics of Truth (Cambridge: Polity).Barrows, H. (1923) ‘Geography as human ecology’, Annals of the Association ofAmerican Geographers 13, 1: 1–4.Barry, J. (1999) Environment and Social Theory (London: Routledge).Bartram, R. and S. Shobrook (2000) ‘Endless/end-less natures’, Annals of theAssociation of American Geographers 90, 2: 370–80.
Page 2 and 3:
NATURESome of the most exciting, al
Page 4 and 5:
NATURENoel Castree
Page 6:
‘If I ask about the world, you ca
Page 10 and 11:
ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLESPLATES1 Wil
Page 12 and 13:
BOXES1.1 Academia and the study of
Page 14 and 15:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWriting this book h
Page 16:
acknowledgementsxvNeil Coe, Peter D
Page 19 and 20:
xviii prefaceother things), the sta
Page 21 and 22:
xxprefaceexpect it to do. First, it
Page 23 and 24:
xxii prefaceintroduction’ to how
Page 25 and 26:
xxiv prefaceIt describes more than
Page 28 and 29:
1STRANGE NATURES‘To dictate defin
Page 30 and 31:
strange natures 3In particular, tre
Page 32 and 33:
strange natures 5ahead as planned,
Page 34 and 35:
strange natures 7mould-breaking boo
Page 36 and 37:
strange natures 9in rural areas and
Page 38 and 39:
strange natures 11are. If you think
Page 40 and 41:
strange natures 13knowledge has a p
Page 42 and 43:
strange natures 15Box 1.3 THE ‘PU
Page 44 and 45:
strange natures 17physical play in
Page 46 and 47:
strange natures 19Box 1.4 HEGEMONYT
Page 48 and 49:
strange natures 21ACTIVITY 1.2Read
Page 50 and 51:
strange natures 23GeomorphologyFigu
Page 52 and 53:
strange natures 25consequences. Unl
Page 54 and 55:
strange natures 27Box 1.5 DE-NATURA
Page 56 and 57:
strange natures 29Table 1.3 Geograp
Page 58 and 59:
strange natures 31geneous (see Chap
Page 60 and 61:
strange natures 33knowledge is (or
Page 62 and 63:
strange natures 35- despite the BSE
Page 64 and 65:
strange natures 37Habgood (2002: 11
Page 66 and 67:
strange natures 39Box 1.8 THE INVEN
Page 68 and 69:
strange natures 41ACTIVITY 1.4Can y
Page 70 and 71:
strange natures 43of species, landf
Page 72 and 73:
2THE ‘NATURE’ OF GEOGRAPHY‘Wh
Page 74 and 75:
the ‘nature’ of geography 47wit
Page 76 and 77:
the ‘nature’ of geography 49dis
Page 78 and 79:
the ‘nature’ of geography 51cha
Page 80 and 81:
the ‘nature’ of geography 53in
Page 82 and 83:
the ‘nature’ of geography 55[an
Page 84 and 85:
the ‘nature’ of geography 57Ref
Page 86 and 87:
the ‘nature’ of geography 59als
Page 88 and 89:
the ‘nature’ of geography 61cou
Page 90 and 91:
the ‘nature’ of geography 63the
Page 92 and 93:
the ‘nature’ of geography 65rap
Page 94 and 95:
the ‘nature’ of geography 67Box
Page 96 and 97:
the ‘nature’ of geography 69mig
Page 98 and 99:
the ‘nature’ of geography 71The
Page 100 and 101:
the ‘nature’ of geography 73Box
Page 102 and 103:
the ‘nature’ of geography 75lab
Page 104 and 105:
the ‘nature’ of geography 77A n
Page 106 and 107:
the ‘nature’ of geography 79tat
Page 108 and 109:
the ‘nature’ of geography 81ina
Page 110 and 111:
the ‘nature’ of geography 83lan
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
the ‘nature’ of geography 87wom
Page 116 and 117:
the ‘nature’ of geography 89dev
Page 118 and 119:
the ‘nature’ of geography 91for
Page 120 and 121:
the ‘nature’ of geography 93loc
Page 122 and 123:
the ‘nature’ of geography 95by
Page 124 and 125:
the ‘nature’ of geography 97ove
Page 126 and 127:
the ‘nature’ of geography 99res
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
the ‘nature’ of geography 103on
Page 132 and 133:
the ‘nature’ of geography 105re
Page 134 and 135:
the ‘nature’ of geography 107FU
Page 136 and 137:
de-naturalisation 109‘real’ dom
Page 138 and 139:
de-naturalisation 111in a relativel
Page 140 and 141:
de-naturalisation 113depicted the W
Page 142 and 143:
de-naturalisation 115population-res
Page 144 and 145:
de-naturalisation 117that material
Page 146 and 147:
de-naturalisation 119and rural labo
Page 148 and 149:
de-naturalisation 121hazards was de
Page 150 and 151:
de-naturalisation 123control of the
Page 152 and 153:
de-naturalisation 125Truth, falsity
Page 154 and 155:
de-naturalisation 127MYANMAR(BURMA)
Page 156 and 157:
de-naturalisation 129(iii) the cult
Page 158 and 159:
de-naturalisation 131open conflict
Page 160 and 161:
de-naturalisation 133[A] local herd
Page 162 and 163:
de-naturalisation 135With this very
Page 164 and 165:
de-naturalisation 137for example, t
Page 166 and 167:
de-naturalisation 139bad’. Agains
Page 168 and 169:
de-naturalisation 141For Derrida al
Page 170 and 171:
de-naturalisation 143Map 3.2 Clayoq
Page 172 and 173:
de-naturalisation 145Plate 3 Clayoq
Page 174 and 175:
de-naturalisation 147the book shows
Page 176 and 177:
de-naturalisation 149Baudrillard (1
Page 178 and 179:
Plate 4 The Eden Project: nature pr
Page 180 and 181:
de-naturalisation 153street in old
Page 182 and 183:
de-naturalisation 155therefore, be
Page 184 and 185:
Map 3.3 The migratory path of the N
Page 186 and 187:
de-naturalisation 159Here, a firm a
Page 188 and 189:
de-naturalisation 161mining, fishin
Page 190 and 191:
de-naturalisation 163‘naturally s
Page 192 and 193:
de-naturalisation 165Figure 3.2 See
Page 194 and 195:
de-naturalisation 167Box 3.5 IS NAT
Page 196 and 197:
de-naturalisation 169The moral impl
Page 198 and 199:
de-naturalisation 171However, as we
Page 200 and 201:
de-naturalisation 173marginalisatio
Page 202 and 203:
de-naturalisation 175when they aris
Page 204 and 205:
4TWO NATURES?The dis/unity of geogr
Page 206 and 207:
the dis/unity of geography 179less
Page 208 and 209:
the dis/unity of geography 181Box 4
Page 210 and 211:
the dis/unity of geography 183betwe
Page 212 and 213:
the dis/unity of geography 185ACTIV
Page 214 and 215:
the dis/unity of geography 187the n
Page 216 and 217:
the dis/unity of geography 189David
Page 218 and 219:
the dis/unity of geography 191It’
Page 220 and 221:
the dis/unity of geography 193In th
Page 222 and 223:
Issues and principles of scientific
Page 224 and 225:
the dis/unity of geography 197of th
Page 226 and 227:
the dis/unity of geography 199-Figu
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
the dis/unity of geography 205Figur
Page 234 and 235: Table 4.1 (a) The status of river v
Page 236 and 237: the dis/unity of geography 209ACTIV
Page 238 and 239: the dis/unity of geography 211bioph
Page 240 and 241: the dis/unity of geography 213‘na
Page 242 and 243: the dis/unity of geography 215conju
Page 244 and 245: the dis/unity of geography 217Figur
Page 246 and 247: the dis/unity of geography 219these
Page 248 and 249: the dis/unity of geography 221geogr
Page 250 and 251: 5AFTER NATURE‘it’s terribly imp
Page 252 and 253: after nature 225our noses but one w
Page 254 and 255: after nature 227If we employ the di
Page 256 and 257: after nature 229geographers adherin
Page 258 and 259: after nature 231non-representationa
Page 260 and 261: after nature 233the most vocal expo
Page 262 and 263: after nature 235adapted parts of wi
Page 264 and 265: after nature 237MORALITY AFTER NATU
Page 266 and 267: after nature 239Thrift, she reminds
Page 268 and 269: after nature 241will be ultimately
Page 270 and 271: 6CONCLUSIONGeography’s natures‘
Page 272 and 273: conclusion 245environmental issues
Page 274 and 275: conclusion 247of ourselves and othe
Page 276 and 277: essays and exam questions 249‘Who
Page 278 and 279: essays and exam questions 251‘Bio
Page 280 and 281: essays and exam questions 253‘Hum
Page 282 and 283: notes 2558 I will say more about sc
Page 286 and 287: ibliography 259Bassett, K. (1999)
Page 288 and 289: ibliography 261Callicott, J.B. and
Page 290 and 291: ibliography 263Eden, S. (1996) ‘P
Page 292 and 293: ibliography 265Haggett, P. (1965) L
Page 294 and 295: ibliography 267Kuhn, T. (1962) The
Page 296 and 297: ibliography 269Myers, N. (1979) The
Page 298 and 299: ibliography 271Roberts, R. and J. E
Page 300 and 301: ibliography 273Strahler, A.N. (1952
Page 302 and 303: ibliography 275of animals in the Br
Page 304 and 305: author index 277Dilthey, W. 61, 77,
Page 306 and 307: actor-network theory 230, 234abduct
Page 308: subject index 281North Pacific fur
show all

Nature - autonomous learning

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?