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Notes and ReferencesManaging water, sustainability and poverty reduction through collectivecommunity action1. Falkenmark M, Rockstrom J (2004) Balancing Water for Humans and nature,Earthscan Publications, London.2. Rockstrom J, Nuhu Hatibu, Theib Oweis and Wani SP. 2007. ‘Managing Waterin Rainfed Agriculture’ in Water for Food, Water for Life: A ComprehensiveAssessment of Water Management in Agriculture (ed. David Molden). London,UK: Earthscan and Colombo, Srilanka: IWMI. Pages 315-348.3. Wani SP, Sreedevi TK, Rockström J and Ramakrishna YS. 2009. ‘Rainfedagriculture: Past trend and future prospects’. In: Wani S.P, Rockström J andOweis T (eds) Rain-fed agriculture: Unlocking the Potential. ComprehensiveAssessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series. CAB International,Wallingford, UK. Pages 1-35.4. Wani SP, Yin Dixin, Zhong Li, Dar WD and Girish Chander, 2012. ‘Enhancingagricultural productivity and rural incomes through sustainable use of naturalresources in the semi-arid tropics’. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,92. Pages 1054–1063.5. Rockstrom J, Louise Karlberg, Wani SP, Jenni Barron, Nuhu Hatibu, TheibOweis, Adriana Bruggeman, Jalali Farahani and Zhu Qiang. 2010. ‘Managingwater in rainfed agriculture – The need for a paradigm shift’. Agricultural WaterManagement. 97: 543-550.6. Wani SP, Ramakrishna YS, Sreedevi TK, Long TD, Thawilkal Wangkahart,Shiferaw B, Pathak P and Keshava Rao AVR. 2006. ‘Issues, Concept, ApproachesPractices in the Integrated Watershed Management: Experience and lessons fromAsia. In: Integrated Management of Watershed for Agricultural Diversification andSustainable Livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa: Lessons and Experiencesfrom Semi-Arid South Asia. Proceedings of the International Workshop heldduring 6-7 December 2004 at Nairobi, Kenya, pages 17-36.7. Sreedevi TK, Shiferaw B and Wani SP. 2004. Adarsha watershed in Kothapally:understanding the drivers of higher impact. Global Theme on AgroecosystemsReport no. 10. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: ICRISAT. 24 pp.8. Sahrawat KL, Rego TJ, Wani SP and Pardhasaradhi G. 2008. ‘Stretching soilsampling to watersheds: Evaluation of soil-test parameters in a semi-arid tropicalwatershed’. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39: 2950-2960.9. Wani SP, Joshi PK, Raju KV, Sreedevi TK, Mike Wilson, Amita Shah, Diwakar PG,Palanisami K, Marimuthu S, Ramakrishna YS, Meenakshi Sundaram SS, MarcellaD’Souza (2008). Community Watershed as Growth Engine for Development ofDry land Areas: A Comprehensive Assessment of Watershed Programs in India.Patancheru 502324, AP, India, ICRISAT.10. Government of India. 2008. Common guidelines for watershed developmentprojects. Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development,Government of India, New Delhi.11. Garg K.K. and Wani S.P. 2012. Opportunities to build groundwater resilience inthe semi-arid tropics. Groundwater, DOI-10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01007.12. Sreedevi TK, Wani SP, Sudi R, Patel MS, Jayesh T, Singh SN and Tushah Shah.2006. On-site and Off-site Impact of Watershed Development: A Case Study ofRajasamadhiyala, Gujarat, India. GTAES Report No. 20. Patancheru 502324, AP,India: ICRISAT. 48 pp.Figure Sources:- Wani SP, Sreedevi TK, Sudi R, Pathak P and Marcella D’Souza. 2010. GroundwaterManagement an Important Driver for Sustainable Development and Managementof Watersheds in Dryland Areas. 2nd National Ground Water Congress. Govt. ofIndia. Ministry of Resources. 22 March 2010. New Delhi. pp. 195-209.- Kaushal K. Garg and Suhas P. Wani. 2012 Opportunities to Build GroundwaterResilience in the Semi-Arid Tropics. GROUNDWATER, National GroundWaterAssociation. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01007.x.A blueprint for sustainable groundwater management in Balochistan, Pakistan1. Custodio, E., Kretsinger, V. and Llamas, M.R. (2005). ‘Intensive development ofgroundwater: concept, facts and suggestions’. Water Policy 7, 151–162.2. Shah, T., Roy, A.D., Qureshi, A.S. and Wang, J. (2003). ‘Sustaining Asia’s groundwaterboom: an overview of issues and evidence’. Natural Resources Forum 27, 130–141Mukherji, A. and Shah, T. (2005). ‘Groundwater socio-ecology and governance:a review of institutions and polices in selected countries’. Hydrogeology Journal13, 328–345Shah, T., Singh, O.P. and Mukherji, A. (2006). ‘Some aspects of South Asia’sgroundwater irrigation economy: analyses from a survey in India, Pakistan, NepalTerai and Bangladesh’. Hydrogeology Journal (2006) 14: 286–309Qureshi, A.S., Gill, M.A. and Sarwar, A. (2010). ‘Sustainable groundwatermanagement in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities’. Irrigation and Drainage59, 107–116.3. Khair, M.S, Mushtaq, S., Culas, R.J. and Hafeez, M. (2012). ‘Groundwatermarkets under the water scarcity and declining watertable conditions: the uplandBalochistan Regiona of Pakistan’. Agricultural Systems 107, 21–32.4. Van Steenbergen, F. and Oliemens, W. (2002). ‘A review of polices ingroundwater management in Pakistan 1950–2000’. Water Policy 4, 323–344Van Steenbergen, F. (2006). ‘Promoting local management in groundwater’.Hydrogeology Journal 14, 380–391Theesfeld, I. (2010). ‘Institutional challenges for national groundwater governance:policies and issues’. Ground Water 48, 131–142. Khair et al (2012) op cit.5. Van Steenbergen (2006) op cit. Altaf, Z., Jasra, A.W., Aujla, K.M. and Khan S.A.(1999). ‘Implication of government policies on water resources developmentand management for value added agriculture in western mountains of Pakistan’.International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 3, 154–158. Mustafa, D. andQazi, M.U. (2007). ‘Transition from karez to tubewell irrigation: development,modernization and social capital in Balochistan, Pakistan’. World Development35, 1796–1813.6. Gardner, R., Ostrom, E. and Walker, J.M. (1990). ‘The nature of common-poolresource problems’. Rationality and Society 2, 335–358. Madani, K. and Dinar,A. (2011). ‘Policy implications of institutional arrangements for sustainablemanagement of common pool resources: the case of groundwater’. BearingKnowledge for Sustainability, World Environmental and Water ResourcesCongress 2011, 981.7. Karezes are manmade sub-surface horizontal tunnels/galleries constructed to tapgroundwater in the upper limits of the valley floor/piedmont plan and eventuallydeliver it at lower level lands by gravity. A well called the mother well is dug nearthe foot of the mountain where groundwater is available. This is followed by aseries of wells at intervals of 60-100 metres; all of these wells are connected by anunderground tunnel. Source: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)(1993). Groundwater resources of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. WAPDA, Lahore.8. Van Steenbergen (2006) op cit.9. Altaf et al (1999) op cit. Verheijen, O. (1998). Community irrigation systems inthe Province of Balochistan. International Water Management Institute, Lahore.10. Qureshi et al (2010) op cit.11. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)Pakistan and Government of Balochistan (2000). Balochistan conservationstrategy. Karachi, Pakistan: IUCN Pakistan and Government of Balochistan.12. Nielsen, H.Ø., Frederiksen, P., Saarikoski, H., Rytkönen, A.-M. and Pedersen, A.B.(2013). ‘How different institutional arrangements promote integrated river basinmanagement. Evidence from the Baltic Sea Region’. Land Use Policy 30, 437–445.Nesheim, I., McNeill, D., Joy, K.J., Manasi, S., Nhung, D.T.K., Portela, M.M. andParanjape, S. (2010). ‘The challenge and status of IWRM in four river basins inEurope and Asia’. Irrigation and Drainage Systems 24, 205–221.13. Pahl-Wostl, C. and Kranz, N. (2010). ‘Water governance in times of change’.Environmental Science & Policy 13, 567–570.Image source:- ‘Groundwater governance, tubewell development projects and policies over time’image source:- Khair M.S (2013). The Efficacy of Groundwater Markets on AgriculturalProductivity and Resource Use Sustainability: Evidence from the UplandBalochistan Region of Pakistan. Unpublished PhD thesis, Charles Sturt University,Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.Environmental rehabilitation of the Lake Pátzcuaro watershed, Michoacán, MexicoEnglish translation: Emilio García Díaz, IMTA.1. The workshop was based on a popular hide-and-seek game where children hidefrom the seeker and then, by cooperating in distracting the seeker one of themtries to avoid him/her in order to reach a previously-agreed ‘safe spot’ yelling“one, two, three for me and all my friends” – thus being safe from the seeker andsaving all the other members of the team. The idea here is to teach children tocooperate to save the watershed.Preparing Denmark for climate changesThe Prepared project: www.prepared-fp7.eu; Aarhus Vand: www.aarhusvand.dkDeveloping community water services and cooperation in Finland and the South1. Finnish Water Forum: www.finnishwaterforum.fi/fi/etusivu/Examples of cooperation in the Czech Republic flood forecastingand information service1. http://hydro.chmi.cz/hpps.2. Scientec, Flussmanagement GmbH. (2007) Feasibility study – Langfrist-Hochwasserprognose March, Brno, St. Pölten, Bratislava, Linz.3. Starý, M. (1991–2008) ‚HYDROG – Program system for the simulation, operativeforecast and operative control of water runoff during the passage of floods‘.Táborská 110, Brno, Czech Republic. www.hysoft.cz.Better late than never1. World Conference on Cultural Policies (MONDIACULT), Mexico City, 06 August1982: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/12762/11295421661mexico_en.pdf/mexico_en.pdf.[ 332 ]