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Ivancevic_Applied-Diff-Geom

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Technical Preliminaries: Tensors, Actions and Functors 73• a divergence dα, of the two–form α above, is a three–form( ∂Adα =∂x + ∂B∂y + ∂C )dxdydz.∂zFig. 2.3 Fundamental two–form and its flux in R 3 : (a) Translational case; (b) Rotationalcase. In both cases the flux through the plane u ∧ v is defined as R R u∧v c dp idq iand measured by the number of tubes crossed by the circulation oriented by u ∧ v.Now, although visually intuitive, our Euclidean 3D space R 3 is notsufficient for thorough physical or engineering analysis. The fundamentalconcept of a smooth manifold, locally topologically equivalent to theEuclidean nD space R n , is required (with or without Riemannian metrictensor defined on it). In general, a proper definition of exterior derivatived for a p−form β on a smooth manifold M, includes the Poincaré lemma:

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