Interaction of train and track – Samverkan tåg/spår (TS) – Wechselwirkung von Zug und Gleis – Interaction entre le train et la voieTS7. DYNAMICS OF TRACK SWITCHESSpårväxlars dynamikDynamik von EisenbahnweichenDynamique des aiguilles de voies ferréesProject leaderand supervisorAssistant supervisorDocent Jens Nielsen,Applied MechanicsProfessor Tore Dahlberg,Linköping Instituteof TechnologyDoctoral candidate Mr Elias Kassa, MSc(from 2002-04-01)Period 2002-04-01 – <strong>2003</strong>-06-30(– 2007-03-31) and a prestudy2001-06-01 – 2002-06-30Chalmers budget Stage 3: ksek 500+750+500(excluding university Stage 3: ksek 250 (VAE)basic resources) Stage 4: ksek 2050+100+300Industrial interests Stage 3: ksek 200 (Banverket)in-kind budget Stage 4: ksek 300+200+600(Banverket+SL Infrateknik+voestalpine Bahnsysteme)For photos of Jens Nielsen, Tore Dahlberg and EliasKassa, see pages 19 and 54A basic understanding will be obtained in the ts7 projectof how railway switches (turnouts, see figure captionbelow) should be developed in order to obtain lowermaintenance costs, fewer traffic disruptions and longerinspection intervals. Mathematical models for simulationof the dynamic interaction between the running trainand a switch will be developed. These models will beused to find the contact forces and to determine wherein the switch and crossing panels contact between wheelsand rails takes place. The effects of geometrical design,manufacturing tolerances and operational wear on theperformance will be investigated. The simulations will becalibrated and validated by use of in-field measurements.switch drive(point machine)with stretcher barswitch bladesswitch toesswitch heelsstock railsfront stock rail jointsrear stock rail jointslength of switchmathematical point, MPtheoretical intersection point, IPlinking railscrossingangle αSketch of a right hand railway turnout with terminology for “switchand crossing work” according to the draft European standardprEN 13232-1 of October 2002. The tangent of the turnout angleis usually given, for instance tan α = 1:9 or 1:12. Often one of theterms “switch” or “turnout” is used for the complete structureconsisting of the so-called switching, closure and crossing panels.Switches are sometimes referred to as “points”A project plan dated 2002-02-21 was approved by thecharmec Board on 6 March 2002. A prestudy has beenperformed, see below. For the period up to <strong>2003</strong>-06-30,the project had a direct contribution to its financing fromvae ag, see sp4 on page 59. The usage of the termsswitch, turnout and points varies, see figure above.Preliminary studies of low-frequency interaction betweena train and a switch (turnout) have been conductedusing the commercial software gensys. Contact betweenwheel back-flange and check rail (guard rail) has beenaccounted for. Study visits in the field have been madeto increase understanding of how railway switches aredesigned, built and maintained and to learn about commondefects. The switch uic60-760-1:15 has been selectedas a reference design to be investigated in detail.Dr Clas Andersson is assisting in the project from Marchto December <strong>2003</strong>.The joint ts7/mu14 reference group met at Chalmerson 25 February and 13 November <strong>2003</strong> with participantsfrom Abetong Teknik, Banverket, Linköping Institute ofTechnology (lith), Luleå Technical University (ltu),Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (sl) and the Austriancompanies vae ag and voestalpine Schienen GmbH.αoutside railscheck railscrossingwing railsnose or vee railsfront crossing jointsrear crossing jointsJan Henrik Sällström (editor), Tore Dahlberg, Magnus Ekhand Jens Nielsen: State-of-the-art study on railway turnouts –dynamics and damage /Förstudie om spårväxlar – dynamik ochslitage (both English and Swedish version), Research <strong>Report</strong>2002:7, Chalmers Applied Mechanics, Gothenburg 2002, 50 ppJan-Henrik Sällström: Railway switches in Sweden – researchtowards enhanced reliability and maintenance, ProceedingsInternational Railway Conference on Switches and Crossings,Delft (the Netherlands) March 2002, 18 pp on CD21
Interaction of train and track – Samverkan tåg/spår (TS) – Wechselwirkung von Zug und Gleis – Interaction entre le train et la voieTS8. INTEGRATED TRACK DYNAMICSIntegrerad spårdynamikIntegrierte GleisdynamikDynamique intégrée de la voieProject leaderDocent Jens Nielsen,Applied MechanicsCo-workerProfessor Tore Dahlberg,Linköping Instituteof TechnologyPeriod <strong>2003</strong>-10-01 – 2006-06-30Chalmers budget Stage 4: ksek 1500(excluding universitybasic resources)Industrial interests Stage 4: ksek 500+100in-kind budget (Banverket+Abetong Teknik)A general tool for the rational design of the track andits components will be established in the ts8 projectbased on the results of earlier and new research. Oneaim is to broaden the application of our computer programsdiff and diff3d better to handle frequenciesbelow 50 Hz. New long-term and recurrent measurementsof track stiffness and rail roughness are foreseen.A model for track settlements will be integrated withdiff. The behaviour of the traditional monobloc sleeperwill be compared to that of so-called twin-block, ladder,winged and booted sleepers and to that of a slab-track.A project plan dated <strong>2003</strong>-06-02 was approved by thecharmec Board on 3 June <strong>2003</strong>. It is planned that onlysenior researchers be engaged in the ts8 project.For photos of Jens Nielsen and Tore Dahlberg,see pages 19 and 54Interaction of train and track – Samverkan tåg/spår (TS) – Wechselwirkung von Zug und Gleis – Interaction entre le train et la voieTS9. TRACK DYNAMICS AND SLEEPERSSpårdynamik och sliprarGleisdynamik und SchwellenDynamique de voie et les traversesProject leadersand supervisorsProfessorThomas Abrahamsson andDocent Jens Nielsen,Applied MechanicsDoctoral candidate Ms Johanna Lilja, MSc(from 2004-02-09)Period 2004-01-01 – 2006-06-30(– 2008-12-31)Chalmers budget Stage 4: ksek 1825(excluding universitybasic resources)Industrial interests Stage 4: ksek 500in-kind budget(Abetong Teknik)settlements and the optimal shape of a sleeper. It isplanned that a stochastic approach to the modelling ofsubgrade, ballast and traffic be used and that a probabilisticdesign method for sleepers be developed. Therequired statistical properties will be deduced from testdata. An optimization may be carried out by use of diff(see under project ts1), which will be further developedto handle stochastic variations. A project plan dated<strong>2003</strong>-06-02 was approved by the charmec Board on3 June <strong>2003</strong>.For photos of Thomas Abrahamsson, Jens Nielsen andJohanna Lilja, see pages 16, 19 and 21The ts9 project will focus on the design loads for asleeper installed in a track carrying different types ofrailway traffic. The results from earlier charmec projectswill be exploited and new in-field measurementsperformed. Important issues are the true contact loadon the sleeper from the ballast, the influence of ballastPhD student Martin Petersson of project VB2 (see next page).Photo taken 200022