Vol 39 # 2 June 2007 - Kma.org.kw

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June 2007KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL 115type 1 diabetes and linkage to chromosome Xp in MHCHLA-DR3 positive patients. Nat Genet 1998; 19:301-302.82. Stene LC, Ulriksen J, Magnus P, et al. Use of cod liver oilduring pregnancy associated with lower risk of type 1diabetes in the offspring. Diabetologia 2000; 43:1093-1098.83. Hypponen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, et al. Intake of vitaminD and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet2001; 358:1500-1503.84. Mathieu C, Badenhoop K, Vitamin D and type 1 diabetesmellitus. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005;16:261-266.85. Lamire JM, Immunomodulatory role of 1,25 dihydroxyvitaminD3. J Cell Biochem 1992; 49:26-31.86. Hitman GA, Mannan N, McDermott MF, et al. Vitamin Dreceptor gene polymorphisms influence insulin secretion inBangladeshi Asian. Diabetes 1998; 47:688-690.87. Bouqbis L, Akhayat O, Garchon HJ, et al. TNFA-TNFBhaplotypes modify susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitusindependently of HLA class II in a Moraccan population.Tissue antigens 2003; 61:72-79.88. Baylor College of Medicine. New gene associated with type1 diabetes. 2004. http://www. s c i e n c e d a i l y. c o m / re l e a s e s/2004/07/040723094436.htm89. Kristiansen OP, Karlsen AE, Larsen ZM, et al. Identificationof a type 1 diabetes-associated CD4 promoter haplotypewith high constitutive activity. Scand J Immunol 2004;59:582-591.90. Yoon JW, Austin M, Onodera T. Isolation of a virus from thepancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. N Eng J Med1979; 30:1173-1179.91. Hee-Sook J, Ji-Won Y. A New Look at viruses in Type 1Diabetes. Diabetes Metabolism Research and Review 2002;19:8-31.92. Atkinson MA, Bowman MA, Campbell L, et al. Cellularimmunity to a determinant common to glutamate decaboxylaseand coxsackie virus in insulin-dependent diabetes. J ClinInvest 1994; 94:2125-2129.93. Heino L, Lonnrot M, Knip P, et al. No evidence of abnormalregulation of antibody response to coxackie virus B4antigen in prediabetic children. Clin Exp Immunol 2001;126:432-436.94. Gerstein HC. Cow’s milk exposure and type 1 diabetesmellitus: a critical overview of the clinical literature .Diabetes Care 1994; 17:13-19.95. Atkinson MA. Thirty years of investigating theautoimmune basis for type 1 diabetes: Why can’t weprevent or reverse this disease? Diabetes 2005; 54:1253-1263.
KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL June 2007ABSTRACTObjectives: To study the prevalence of hypertensionamongst young and middle aged Kuwaiti citizensattending the primary health care centers and to find itsrelationship with risk factors such as age, gender,smoking, body mass index and exerciseDesign: A cross - sectional study carried out to evaluatenon-labeled hypertensive individuals attending primaryhealth centers for other medical problems.Setting: Two primary health care centers were chosenrandomly from each health region. Data collection sheetwas produced and distributed to primary health carephysicians in the chosen health centers.Original ArticlePrevalence of Hypertension in Young and Middle AgedKuwaiti Citizens in Primary Health CareFotooh Al-Jarky 1 , Najat Al-Awadhi 2 , Hamdyia Al-Fadli 3 , Abdul Salam Tawfic 4 ,Abdul Razzak Al-Sebai 5 , Mahdi Al Mousawi 6Primary Health Care Khaldyia Clinic 1 , Salmiya West Clinic 2 , Ahmadi Clinic 3 ,South Jleeb Al-Shuyokh Clinic 4 , Al Qasser Clinic 5 , Salmiya Clinic 6 , KuwaitKuwait Medical Journal 2005, 37 (2):116-119KEYWORDS: hypertension, prevalence, primary health careSubjects: Eight hundred and sixty patients attending theclinic and twenty practitioners were included in thestudy.R e s u l t s :P revalence of hypertension was found to be 6.4%in males and 6.1% in females. Influence of risk factorssuch as age, body mass index, exercise and smoking wasstatistically significant whereas gender differences werenot significant.Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the importance ofearly detection of hypertension among young andmiddle aged patients and adopting an effective policy onhealth education regarding risk factors at the primaryhealth care center level.INTRODUCTIONHypertension is a common health problem indeveloped countries, and its prevalence is probablyincreasing in nations of the developing world. Alsoknown as the “silent killer”, it may exist forp rolonged periods in the individual withoutsymptoms and may manifest only after causingserious irreversible pathology and complications [ 1 , 2 ] .Hypertension has a proven association with highmortality and morbidity from card i o v a s c u l a r,cerebrovascular and renal disease [3,4] . Its control willsignificantly lower these diseases [5-8] .Hypertension is prevalent in about 20% of adultpopulation in most developed countries [ 9 ] . InKuwait, the most recent data on hypertensionshowed a prevalence rate of 26.3% in 1999 [10] . Allover the world there are few studies about thep revalence of non-labeled hypertension. Manystudies showed a significant relationship betweenhypertension and risk factors such as age, bodymass index, smoking and physical inactivity. Theprimary health centers have the best opportunityfor early detection of hypertension. The aim of thisstudy was to detect the prevalence of undiagnosedhypertension among the younger age group and tofind its relationship with risk factors like age,gender, body mass index, smoking and exercise.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA c ross sectional study was carried out toestimate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertensionin the five health regions of Kuwait. Two primaryhealth care centers were chosen randomly fromeach health region.A sample of 860 non-labeled individuals wascollected between January 2002 and March 2002. Averbal consent was obtained from the participantswho attended the centers for complaints other thanhypertension. Those who were known hypertensives,had renal impairment, were pregnant or weretaking medication that could cause secondaryhypertension were excluded from the study.Patients with severe or malignant hypertensionwere referred immediately to the medical casualty.Earlier, a pilot study of 50 participants was carriedout and the questionnaire was suitably modifiedfor proper data collection.METHODMeasurements of blood pressure were madeAddress Correspondence to:Dr. Fotooh Al Jarky, RCGP (UK), Primary Health Care, Khaldyia Clinic, Kuwait. Tel: (965) 4834065, Fax: (965) 4817538 E-mail:alalsl@hotmail.com
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Page 21 and 22: 108Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes Mell
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Page 35 and 36: 122The Economic Impact of Smoking o
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198Forthcoming Conferences and Meet
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204WHO-Facts Sheet June 2007years,
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206WHO-Facts Sheet June 2007TB and
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208WHO-Facts Sheet June 2007medicin
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التأثير الاقتصادي
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نتائج التدبير غير
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