Vol 39 # 2 June 2007 - Kma.org.kw

164Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Kuwaiti Adults June 2007Table 1: Prevalence and mean (SD) of risk factors associated withobesity in Kuwaiti adultsNon-obese Obese p-valuen = 172 n = 124% %Systolic BP(mmHg)Normal 95.3 71.0 < 0.001*Pre-hypertensive 4.7 29.0Mean (SD) 106.2 (13.5) 115.97 (12.5) < 0.001**Diastolic BP(mmHg)Normal 98.3 87.1 < 0.001*Pre-hypertensive 1.7 12.9Mean (SD) 69.3 (7.4) 74.1 (8.0) < 0.001**Fasting Blood SugarNormal 95.3 67.7 < 0.001*Impaired 4.7 32.3Mean (SD) 5.4 (0.5) 5.7 (0.6) < 0.001**Total CholesterolDesirable 84.9 35.5 < 0.001*Borderline high risk 14.0 42.7High risk 1.2 21.8Mean (SD) 4.5 (0.8) 5. 5 (1.1) < 0.001**LDLCholesterolDesirable 82.6 37.9 < 0.001*Borderline high risk 14.5 30.6High risk 2.9 31.5Mean (SD) 2.8 (0.7) 3.6 (0.97) < 0.001**HDLCholesterolDesirable 13.4 7.3 NS*Borderline high risk 75.0 73.4High risk 11.6 19.4Mean (SD) 1.2 (0.3) 1.1 (0.3) < 0.01**TriglyceridesDesirable 99.4 93.5 < 0.01*Borderline high risk 0.6 3.2High risk 0.0 3.2Mean (SD) 1.01 (0.697) 1.7 (1. 4) < 0.001***Chi-square test, ** Student-t testtable revealed that the mean SBP (115.97 Vs 106.2)and DBP (74.1 Vs 69.3) was significantly higheramong obese individuals than the non-obeserespectively. The same pattern applied to FBS, TC,LDL, and TG where the mean values weresignificantly higher in the obese subjects. None ofthe subjects was detected as diabetic, hypertensivestage I or II.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysiswas performed to eliminate the effect of allpotential confounders. Crude and adjusted oddsratios were estimated for various cardiovascularrisk factors as illustrated in Table 2. Obesity was thedependent variable (0 = non-obese individuals, 1 =obese individuals). The classification matrix overallp rediction accuracy showed that 80.3% of thesubjects were correctly identified by the model.Two models were examined for potentialconfounders and to avoid overlap between relatedvariables (example SBPand DBP) and TC with LDLand HDL. Six risk factors stood for the independentvariables that entered the first model asTable 2: Binary logistic regression of some CV risk factors associatedwith obesityVariables Crude ORs Adjusted ORsp OR CI p OR CIAge< 0.05 1.04 1.01-1.08 NS 0.96 0.91-1.02GenderMale (RG)Female NS 0.97 0.60-1.55 NS 1.78 0.92-3.42FBSNormal (RG)Impaired < 0.0001 9.76 4.37-21.80 < 0.000116.39 6.23-43.16SBPNormal (RG)Pre-hypertensive < 0.0001 8.39 3.74-18.83 < 0.001 5.44 1.93-15.35TCDesirable (RG)Borderline high risk < 0.0001 7.33 4.07-13.20 < 0.0001 10.79 5.24-22.26High risk < 0.0001 44.80 10.25-195.87 < 0.0001 48.06 9.79-235.96TGDesirable (RG)Borderline high risk NS 5.86 0.65-53.116 NS 3.65 0.24-56.11The adjusted variables are: age, gender, FBG, SBP, TC and TG.NS = not significant, RG = reference groupTable 3: Binary logistic regression of other CV risk factors associatedwith obesityVariables Crude ORs Adjusted ORsp OR CI p OR CIAge < 0.05 1.04 1.01-1.08 NS 0.99 0.94-1.04GenderMale (RG)Female NS 0.97 0.60-1.55 < 0.05 2.35 1.19-4.62FBSNormal (RG)Impaired < 0.0001 9.76 4.37-21.80 < 0.0001 13.30 5.33-33.19DBPNormal (RG)Pre-hypertensive < 0.001 8.35 2.38-29.32 < 0.05 5.48 1.16-25.88LDLDesirable (RG)Borderline high risk < 0.0001 4.95 2.51-8.39 < 0.0001 5.42 2.68-10.95High risk < 0.0001 23.57 8.78-63.28 < 0.0001 27.56 9.35-81.28HDLDesirable (RG)Borderline high risk NS 1.80 0.80-4.08 NS 2.49 0.83-7.50High risk < 0.05 3.07 1.16-8.11 < 0.05 5.15 1.28-20.63TGDesirable (RG)Borderline high risk NS 5.86 0.65-53.116 NS 3.95 0.33-46.77The adjusted variables are: age, gender, FBG, DBP, LDL, HDLand TGNS = not significant, RG = reference groupdemonstrated in Table 2. The table revealed thatthree factors (adjusted odds) represented the riskfactors of obesity (TC especially the high risk levelsranked the highest risk factor followed by FBS andSBP).Increased levels of TC showed significant veryhigh risk aspect (OR=45, CI: 10.3 - 195.9) among the