45126-Invest. Qual-No111

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<strong>Invest</strong>ment in <strong>Qual</strong>ityFIGURE 5.3National Debt as a Percentage of GNP, 1987-2002Source: Department of Finance.Current ExpenditureThe budgetary data on current expenditure are divided into CentralFund expenditure (mainly debt service and EU budget contributions)and supply services (expenditure on services and benefits).The trend in these two elements of current expenditure as apercentage of GNP is shown in Figure 5.4. Central Fund expenditureas a percentage of GNP has fallen consistently from close to 13per cent in 1987 to 2.8 per cent in 2002. Following the decline of thelate 1980s, supply services expenditure as a percentage of GNPincreased in early 1990s. It then fell from just over 33 per cent in1994 to 25.2 per cent in 2000. It increased in the following twoyears to 29.2 per cent of GNP in 2002 2 .2. Supply services expenditure data quoted includes expenditure from the SocialInsurance Fund (SIF).184
Macroeconomic PolicyFIGURE 5.4Total Current, Central Fund and Supply Services Expenditure as aPercentage of GNP, 1987-2002Source: Department of Finance. The 2002 figures are from Budget 2003.While declining relative to GNP for much of the 1990s, supplyservices expenditure has grown in real terms throughout the 1990s.The growth has been particularly high in the most recent years. Theaverage annual rate of growth of current expenditure between 1989and 2001 was 9.1 per cent in nominal terms and 5.3 per cent in realterms. Growth rates have been particularly high in more recentyears. The annual average increase between 1999 and 2001 was15.5 per cent in nominal terms and 10.3 per cent in real terms. Theincrease in 2002 was approximately 15 per cent in nominal termsand close to 10 per cent in real terms.185
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Table of ContentsPageABBREVIATIONS
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Chapter 9. Infrastructure, Public U
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Investment in QualityTable 2.9: Ave
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Investment in QualityTable 7.12: Pe
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Investment in QualityLIST OF FIGURE
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Investment in QualityLIST OF BOXESB
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CWCDARTDSLDTODWSECECHPECJEEAEGFSNEM
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NESCNESDONESFNGONICsNMWNPMNSSNTRNWC
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xviii
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Investment in Qualitynew economic a
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CHAPTER 1IRELAND’S LONG RUN ECONO
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Ireland’s Long Run Economic Devel
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growth. Second, there was a dramati
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own interpretation it becomes clear
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CHAPTER 2IRELAND’S LONG RUN SOCIA
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Ireland’s Long Run Social Develop
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3. Those that are currently landfil
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not starting from scratch. Ireland
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eal disposable incomes rose by some
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Page 159 and 160: Ireland’s Long Run Social Develop
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Page 163 and 164: Part IIVision137
Page 165 and 166: CHAPTER 3EXPERIENCE, UNDERSTANDING
Page 167 and 168: ●Experience, Understanding and Ne
Page 169 and 170: Experience, Understanding and New P
Page 173 and 174: more diverse, fragmented and decent
Page 179 and 180: ●Experience, Understanding and Ne
Page 187 and 188: 3.7.3 From a Differentiated to a De
Page 189 and 190: State might look like (see Figure 3
Page 193 and 194: without rigid models and revising b
Page 195 and 196: Part IIIStrategy169
Page 197 and 198: CHAPTER 4RECASTING IRELAND’S CONS
Page 199 and 200: Recasting Ireland’s Consistent Po
Page 201 and 202: ●●●Recasting Ireland’s Cons
Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 5MACROECONOMIC POLICY5.1 IN
Page 209: Macroeconomic Policymoved into a su
Page 213 and 214: Macroeconomic PolicyTABLE 5.1Curren
Page 215 and 216: Macroeconomic Policy1987. It fell t
Page 217 and 218: Macroeconomic PolicyTABLE 5.4Public
Page 219 and 220: Macroeconomic Policydecline in the
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Page 223 and 224: Macroeconomic Policygreater decline
Page 225 and 226: Macroeconomic Policyture levels are
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Page 231 and 232: Macroeconomic PolicyBOX 5.1Special
Page 233 and 234: Macroeconomic Policyinflation over
Page 235 and 236: Macroeconomic Policythe prices incr
Page 237 and 238: Macroeconomic Policydepends on thei
Page 239 and 240: Macroeconomic PolicyWage Determinat
Page 241 and 242: Macroeconomic PolicyInfrastructural
Page 243 and 244: Macroeconomic Policydegree to which
Page 245 and 246: Macroeconomic Policyconcern’ has
Page 247 and 248: Macroeconomic Policyrecommends that
Page 249 and 250: Wage BargainingSection 6.4 identifi
Page 251 and 252: Wage Bargainingof externalities ass
Page 253 and 254: Wage Bargaining6.2.3 The Relation b
Page 255 and 256: Wage Bargaining6.3 DEVELOPMENTS IN
Page 257 and 258: Wage Bargainingthe private and publ
Page 259 and 260: Wage Bargainingbargaining; 2=indust
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Wage Bargainingnational agreements
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Wage Bargainingsteps in decentralis
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Wage Bargaining(1988) curve, combin
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Wage Bargainingprices and a large-s
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Wage Bargaining(but some innovative
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Wage Bargainingof the employer fede
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Wage Bargainingrecurrent state inte
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Wage Bargainingpart-time employees
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Wage Bargainingemployment is “a p
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Wage Bargainingreflects differences
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Wage Bargainingamount of the local
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Wage Bargainingmoderation in earnin
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Wage Bargaining6.4.2 The Minimum Wa
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Wage Bargaining3 per cent per annum
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Wage Bargainingof 0.3 per cent per
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Wage Bargaining6.4.4 Relative Wages
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Wage Bargainingweighted by employme
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Wage Bargainingtraded goods sectors
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Wage Bargainingbe acquired for it t
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Wage BargainingTABLE 6.7Labour Cost
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Wage BargainingAbove all these sche
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Wage Bargainingcomposition of publi
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Wage BargainingPublic Service Moder
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Wage Bargainingpublic service can c
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Wage Bargaininglearn from. Neverthe
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Wage Bargainingpay awards compatibl
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Wage Bargainingcomparison with wage
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Wage Bargainingbenchmarking pay awa
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Tax and Social Welfare●●●●
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Tax and Social WelfareThe main sour
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Following reductions in recent year
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Tax and Social WelfareThe fall in a
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effect by 1999/2000. Nonetheless, t
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the earnings distribution. About tw
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Tax and Social Welfaretraded servic
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Tax and Social Welfare●●●●
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TABLE 7.7Percentage and Breakdown o
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Tax and Social Welfare7.5.2 Specifi
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Tax and Social WelfareTABLE 7.9Lowe
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Tax and Social Welfareparticularly
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udgets are being framed is that (i)
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currently being experienced by stat
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Tax and Social WelfareWorking Group
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Tax and Social Welfarefor lower soc
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Lone parents and large families wer
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‘Not Working’ categories. Table
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Tax and Social Welfaremeasured, dro
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Tax and Social Welfare2. The Benchm
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Tax and Social Welfareincrease in c
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Tax and Social Welfareof designing
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Tax and Social Welfaretargets for r
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Tax and Social Welfaredifferent fac
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Tax and Social WelfareThe Adequacy
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Tax and Social WelfareAPPENDIXTABLE
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Tax and Social WelfareNOTE: Figures
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CHAPTER 8POLICIES ON POVERTY, EXCLU
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Policies on Poverty, Exclusion and
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●●●●Policies on Poverty, Ex
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Key determinants of progress toward
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andPolicies on Poverty, Exclusion a
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types of employment which women lea
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●Policies on Poverty, Exclusion a
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CHAPTER 9INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC UTI
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Infrastructure, Public Utilities an
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As indicated in Chapter 3 the Counc
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●Infrastructure, Public Utilities
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is possible that the provisions in
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9.5 ENERGYInfrastructure, Public Ut
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On reviewing individual regional pl
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●●Infrastructure, Public Utilit
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●●●Infrastructure, Public Uti
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CHAPTER 10COMPETITIVENESS, CONTINUO
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Competitiveness, Continuous Improve
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development and a wider national sy
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The Report of the Taskforce on Life
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●●Competitiveness, Continuous I
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REFERENCESAcemoglu, D. (2002), ‘T
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ReferencesBlanchard, O. (2002), ‘
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ReferencesCentral Statistics Office
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ReferencesDepartment of Health and
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ReferencesElvander, N. (1999), The
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ReferencesExpert Working Group Repo
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ReferencesGlover, S., C. Gott, A. L
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ReferencesHoffman, L.W. and L.M. Yo
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ReferencesLaffan, B., R. O’Donnel
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ReferencesMorgan M., R. Flanagan an
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ReferencesNESF (1997a), Early Schoo
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ReferencesO’Neill, D. and O. Swee
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ReferencesPoutsma, E. (2001), Recen
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ReferencesStreeck, W. (1998), ‘Th
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ReferencesWestern, B. (1997), Betwe
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NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCI
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Publications82. Manpower Policy in
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