45126-Invest. Qual-No111

More documents

Recommendations

Info

<strong>Invest</strong>ment in <strong>Qual</strong>ity8.11.1 Revisiting the measure of consistent povertyThe concept of “consistent poverty”, first adopted by NAPS in1997, is widely esteemed because it usefully combines a person’s orhousehold’s current relative income position with evidence ofenforced basic deprivation (NESC, 1999: 381, 439). The overallconcept is not challenged by querying the usefulness for monitoringfuture trends of the eight items that were originally adopted byapplying factor analysis to data obtained through the ESRI’s 1987Survey of Household Income, Poverty and Usage of State Services(column 1, Table 8.5).Nolan et al. (2002a) point out that the levels of lack of the eightitems adopted in 1987 were so low by 2000 (column 2, Table 8.5)that it will be “difficult to capture further progress empirically”(2002: ix). Six of the eight items were lacked by less than 2 per centof sample households; random variation, they consider, will beindistinguishable from real change posing “potentially seriousproblems” for the continued use of the consistent poverty measureas currently constructed (p. 54). The eight indicators of basicdeprivation were repeatedly seen to be valid—from their adoptionin 1987 until 2000—in reliably identifying people with characteristicsthat conformed with a clear conceptual understanding ofpoverty (experiencing economic strain, psychological distress andfatalism). Looking forward from 2000, however, the argument isthat the low levels of need now recorded by these indicators meanthey will not reliably or usefully monitor how deprivation is furtheraffected by social change. (Nolan et al. also point out thatdevelopments in the one remaining item that has a significant levelof lack, viz. “Debt problems arising from ordinary living expenses”,will dictate the poverty trend. Even what it is recording on its ownmay be unclear as higher living standards may change what peoplemean by “ordinary living expenses”).The Council believes that the implications of these shortcomings inthe current measure of consistent poverty (which NAPS, 2002, hasretained) need to be frankly addressed and soon. The credibility andusefulness of monitoring poverty targets will be undermined if thecamera remains trained on what may no longer move; it will also be422
Policies on Poverty, Exclusion and Inequalityundermined if the reasons for moving to a revised set of basicdeprivation indicators are not widely understood and effectivelycommunicated. The Council is keen to support the emergence ofmeasures for monitoring poverty that are adequate to thecircumstances of a new Ireland. It is, after all, central to theconception of poverty as relative that expectations and perceptionsof need will change over time as general living standards rise.TABLE 8.5Items Constituting Indicators of Basic Deprivation, Current andAlternative Lists1987 items Percent ECHP-SILC items Percenthouseholdspersonslackinglacking(2000) (2000)(1) (2) (3) (4)Meal with meat, chicken 1.0 Meal with meat, chicken 1.0or fishor fishNew not second hand 3.3 New not second hand 3.0clothesclothesWithout heating in past 1.8 Keeping home 3.3yearadequately warmDebt problems arising 5.6 In arrears on rent, 6.6from ordinary livingutilities and HireexpensesPurchaseTwo pairs of strong 1.0 Replacing any worn-out 13.6shoes 1furnitureRoast once a week 1 1.9 Having friends or family 6.3for a meal once a monthWarm waterproof 0.9 A week’s annual holiday 25.3overcoat 1 away from home 2No substantial meal in 1.0past two weeks 1 423Source: Nolan et al. (2002a: Tables 7.1 and 7.3)Notes: 1. These no longer appear on the proposed new list based onECHP/SILC.
Page 5:
Table of ContentsPageABBREVIATIONS
Page 8 and 9:
Chapter 9. Infrastructure, Public U
Page 10 and 11:
Investment in QualityTable 2.9: Ave
Page 12 and 13:
Investment in QualityTable 7.12: Pe
Page 14 and 15:
Investment in QualityLIST OF FIGURE
Page 16 and 17:
Investment in QualityLIST OF BOXESB
Page 18 and 19:
CWCDARTDSLDTODWSECECHPECJEEAEGFSNEM
Page 20 and 21:
NESCNESDONESFNGONICsNMWNPMNSSNTRNWC
Page 22 and 23:
xviii
Page 24 and 25:
Investment in Qualitynew economic a
Page 26 and 27:
xxii
Page 29 and 30:
CHAPTER 1IRELAND’S LONG RUN ECONO
Page 31 and 32:
Ireland’s Long Run Economic Devel
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
growth. Second, there was a dramati
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
own interpretation it becomes clear
Page 81 and 82:
CHAPTER 2IRELAND’S LONG RUN SOCIA
Page 83 and 84:
Ireland’s Long Run Social Develop
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
3. Those that are currently landfil
Page 121 and 122:
not starting from scratch. Ireland
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
eal disposable incomes rose by some
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Part IIVision137
Page 165 and 166:
CHAPTER 3EXPERIENCE, UNDERSTANDING
Page 167 and 168:
●Experience, Understanding and Ne
Page 169 and 170:
Experience, Understanding and New P
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
more diverse, fragmented and decent
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
●Experience, Understanding and Ne
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
3.7.3 From a Differentiated to a De
Page 189 and 190:
State might look like (see Figure 3
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
without rigid models and revising b
Page 195 and 196:
Part IIIStrategy169
Page 197 and 198:
CHAPTER 4RECASTING IRELAND’S CONS
Page 199 and 200:
Recasting Ireland’s Consistent Po
Page 201 and 202:
●●●Recasting Ireland’s Cons
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
CHAPTER 5MACROECONOMIC POLICY5.1 IN
Page 209 and 210:
Macroeconomic Policymoved into a su
Page 211 and 212:
Macroeconomic PolicyFIGURE 5.4Total
Page 213 and 214:
Macroeconomic PolicyTABLE 5.1Curren
Page 215 and 216:
Macroeconomic Policy1987. It fell t
Page 217 and 218:
Macroeconomic PolicyTABLE 5.4Public
Page 219 and 220:
Macroeconomic Policydecline in the
Page 221 and 222:
40.5 per cent of GNP, just over thr
Page 223 and 224:
Macroeconomic Policygreater decline
Page 225 and 226:
Macroeconomic Policyture levels are
Page 227 and 228:
Macroeconomic Policywith organisati
Page 229 and 230:
Macroeconomic Policythat meet the n
Page 231 and 232:
Macroeconomic PolicyBOX 5.1Special
Page 233 and 234:
Macroeconomic Policyinflation over
Page 235 and 236:
Macroeconomic Policythe prices incr
Page 237 and 238:
Macroeconomic Policydepends on thei
Page 239 and 240:
Macroeconomic PolicyWage Determinat
Page 241 and 242:
Macroeconomic PolicyInfrastructural
Page 243 and 244:
Macroeconomic Policydegree to which
Page 245 and 246:
Macroeconomic Policyconcern’ has
Page 247 and 248:
Macroeconomic Policyrecommends that
Page 249 and 250:
Wage BargainingSection 6.4 identifi
Page 251 and 252:
Wage Bargainingof externalities ass
Page 253 and 254:
Wage Bargaining6.2.3 The Relation b
Page 255 and 256:
Wage Bargaining6.3 DEVELOPMENTS IN
Page 257 and 258:
Wage Bargainingthe private and publ
Page 259 and 260:
Wage Bargainingbargaining; 2=indust
Page 261 and 262:
Wage Bargainingnational agreements
Page 263 and 264:
Wage Bargainingsteps in decentralis
Page 265 and 266:
Wage Bargaining(1988) curve, combin
Page 267 and 268:
Wage Bargainingprices and a large-s
Page 269 and 270:
Wage Bargaining(but some innovative
Page 271 and 272:
Wage Bargainingof the employer fede
Page 273 and 274:
Wage Bargainingrecurrent state inte
Page 275 and 276:
Wage Bargainingpart-time employees
Page 277 and 278:
Wage Bargainingemployment is “a p
Page 279 and 280:
Wage Bargainingreflects differences
Page 281 and 282:
Wage Bargainingamount of the local
Page 283 and 284:
Wage Bargainingmoderation in earnin
Page 285 and 286:
Wage Bargaining6.4.2 The Minimum Wa
Page 287 and 288:
Wage Bargaining3 per cent per annum
Page 289 and 290:
Wage Bargainingof 0.3 per cent per
Page 291 and 292:
Wage Bargaining6.4.4 Relative Wages
Page 293 and 294:
Wage Bargainingweighted by employme
Page 295 and 296:
Wage Bargainingtraded goods sectors
Page 297 and 298:
Wage Bargainingbe acquired for it t
Page 299 and 300:
Wage BargainingTABLE 6.7Labour Cost
Page 301 and 302:
Wage BargainingAbove all these sche
Page 303 and 304:
Wage Bargainingcomposition of publi
Page 305 and 306:
Wage BargainingPublic Service Moder
Page 307 and 308:
Wage Bargainingpublic service can c
Page 309 and 310:
Wage Bargaininglearn from. Neverthe
Page 311 and 312:
Wage Bargainingpay awards compatibl
Page 313 and 314:
Wage Bargainingcomparison with wage
Page 315 and 316:
Wage Bargainingbenchmarking pay awa
Page 317 and 318:
Tax and Social Welfare●●●●
Page 319 and 320:
Tax and Social WelfareThe main sour
Page 321 and 322:
Following reductions in recent year
Page 323 and 324:
Tax and Social WelfareThe fall in a
Page 325 and 326:
effect by 1999/2000. Nonetheless, t
Page 327 and 328:
the earnings distribution. About tw
Page 329 and 330:
Tax and Social Welfaretraded servic
Page 331 and 332:
Tax and Social Welfare●●●●
Page 333 and 334:
TABLE 7.7Percentage and Breakdown o
Page 335 and 336:
Tax and Social Welfare7.5.2 Specifi
Page 337 and 338:
Tax and Social WelfareTABLE 7.9Lowe
Page 339 and 340:
Tax and Social Welfareparticularly
Page 341 and 342:
udgets are being framed is that (i)
Page 343 and 344:
currently being experienced by stat
Page 345 and 346:
Tax and Social WelfareWorking Group
Page 347 and 348:
Tax and Social Welfarefor lower soc
Page 349 and 350:
Lone parents and large families wer
Page 351 and 352:
‘Not Working’ categories. Table
Page 353 and 354:
Tax and Social Welfaremeasured, dro
Page 355 and 356:
Tax and Social Welfare2. The Benchm
Page 357 and 358:
Tax and Social Welfareincrease in c
Page 359 and 360:
Tax and Social Welfareof designing
Page 361 and 362:
Tax and Social Welfaretargets for r
Page 363 and 364:
Tax and Social Welfaredifferent fac
Page 365 and 366:
Tax and Social WelfareThe Adequacy
Page 367 and 368:
Tax and Social WelfareAPPENDIXTABLE
Page 369 and 370:
Tax and Social WelfareNOTE: Figures
Page 371 and 372:
CHAPTER 8POLICIES ON POVERTY, EXCLU
Page 373 and 374:
Policies on Poverty, Exclusion and
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
●●●●Policies on Poverty, Ex
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398: Policies on Poverty, Exclusion and
Page 399 and 400: Key determinants of progress toward
Page 401 and 402: andPolicies on Poverty, Exclusion a
Page 425 and 426: types of employment which women lea
Page 447: ●Policies on Poverty, Exclusion a
Page 459 and 460: CHAPTER 9INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC UTI
Page 461 and 462: Infrastructure, Public Utilities an
Page 467 and 468: As indicated in Chapter 3 the Counc
Page 473 and 474: ●Infrastructure, Public Utilities
Page 485 and 486: is possible that the provisions in
Page 493 and 494: 9.5 ENERGYInfrastructure, Public Ut
Page 499 and 500:
Infrastructure, Public Utilities an
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
On reviewing individual regional pl
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
●●Infrastructure, Public Utilit
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
●●●Infrastructure, Public Uti
Page 557 and 558:
CHAPTER 10COMPETITIVENESS, CONTINUO
Page 559 and 560:
Competitiveness, Continuous Improve
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
development and a wider national sy
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
The Report of the Taskforce on Life
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
●●Competitiveness, Continuous I
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
REFERENCESAcemoglu, D. (2002), ‘T
Page 607 and 608:
ReferencesBlanchard, O. (2002), ‘
Page 609 and 610:
ReferencesCentral Statistics Office
Page 611 and 612:
ReferencesDepartment of Health and
Page 613 and 614:
ReferencesElvander, N. (1999), The
Page 615 and 616:
ReferencesExpert Working Group Repo
Page 617 and 618:
ReferencesGlover, S., C. Gott, A. L
Page 619 and 620:
ReferencesHoffman, L.W. and L.M. Yo
Page 621 and 622:
ReferencesLaffan, B., R. O’Donnel
Page 623 and 624:
ReferencesMorgan M., R. Flanagan an
Page 625 and 626:
ReferencesNESF (1997a), Early Schoo
Page 627 and 628:
ReferencesO’Neill, D. and O. Swee
Page 629 and 630:
ReferencesPoutsma, E. (2001), Recen
Page 631 and 632:
ReferencesStreeck, W. (1998), ‘Th
Page 633 and 634:
ReferencesWestern, B. (1997), Betwe
Page 635 and 636:
NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCI
Page 637 and 638:
Publications82. Manpower Policy in
show all

45126-Invest. Qual-No111

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?