Results: RFID and Identity Management in everyday life - ITAS

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(visited 8 September 2006). 56. ‘Ov-chipkaart vernietigt sociaal kapitaal’, 26 June 2006 (http://www.refdag.nl/artikel/1265566/Ovchipkaart+vernietigt+sociaal+kapitaal.html , visited 8 September 2006) 57. Several site visits by Christian van ‘t Hof and Chris de Jongh 62
Case #61: Transport for London (Oyster card) Case ID 61, level 1 Title Transport for London (Oyster card) Researcher Christian van ‘t Hof/ Sil Wijma Timing 2002-2006 Geography London, UK Environment Public transport Technology Philips Semiconductors’ MIFARE Standard 1 Kbyte ICs in G&D and SchlumbergerSema cards [3] Maturity Fully operational Function Payment Owner Transport for London, TranSys Maintainer Who maintains the database and readers? Users Who uses the RFID tags to move through the environment Other actors TranSys (consortium of Cubic, EDS, Fujitsu and WS Atkins), Transport for London (TfL) and London Underground Limited (LUL) Case story The Oyster card is a RFID-card for public transport in London. It can be used on trains, trams, busses, metro and Docklands Light Railway (DLR). A Travelcard or Bus Pass season ticket can be loaded on it, as well as travel value (cash) to pay as you go [1]. Reloading is possible via ticket offices and machines, over the Internet and by telephone [1]. In London there are nearly seven million bus and Underground journeys every day [3]. The Oyster card was introduced in August 2002 for staff [3]. Using a Oyster card to ‘pay as you go’ is cheaper than buying paper tickets [2]. The ‘pay as you go’ service was introduced in January 2004 [2]. Over 5 million people use a Oyster card [4]. A refundable deposit of a little over €4,- has to be paid when purchasing a Oyster card (unless at least a monthly ticket is loaded to the card). Without registration the Oyster card is restricted in such a way that only ‘pay as you go ‘and weekly tickets can be loaded [2]. The ‘pay as you go’ service is not available on all public transportation in London; now most railroads in London do not use the Oyster system. In 2008 this should be the case. A 'capping' system was introduced on 27 February 2005, which guarantees that an Oyster card user will be charged no more than the cheapest combinations of single tickets, travelcards and/or bus pass that cover all journeys made that day. [2]. Although there have been different plans to use the Oyster card for small payments [6] TfL now says it is to complex to realise this []. Due to a malfunctioning of the system it has been out of use for one morning [7]. Another bug made travelling impossible for some cardholders for some time [2, 8]. ID issue When purchasing the Oystercard, full personal detailes are required [11] The police in very interested in using the journey data that is stored from travellers who use the Oyster card. The number of request from the police has risen from seven in 2004 to 61 requests made in January 2006 alone [4]. A spokesman of TfL said: "Transport for London complies fully with the Data Protection Act. Information on individual travel is kept for a maximum of eight weeks and is only used for customer service purposes, to check charges for particular journeys or for refund inquiries. "A very few authorised individuals can access this data and there is no bulk disclosure of personal data to third parties for any commercial purposes. There is no bulk disclosure of personal data to any law enforcement agency. If information is disclosed, it is always done so in accordance with the Data Protection Act after a case-by-case evaluation. [4]. 63
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ETAG European Technology Assessment
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Contents PREFACE...................
Page 5 and 6:
Introduction: when RFID becomes a p
Page 7 and 8:
Aim and methodology This research a
Page 9 and 10:
Results: RFID and Identity Manageme
Page 11 and 12: ferries throughout the whole Nether
Page 13 and 14: Going to work: access and presence
Page 15 and 16: uilding. The system then provides a
Page 17 and 18: our identity as paying customer. Me
Page 19 and 20: sensitive link in the chain: custom
Page 21 and 22: All in all, there is not much going
Page 23 and 24: popular matches. They can also be a
Page 25 and 26: Barcelona director Chase foresees a
Page 27 and 28: than just border control. Although
Page 29 and 30: Discussion: multiple identities in
Page 31 and 32: Sources Sources on specific case st
Page 33 and 34: Appendix: case studies 33
Page 35 and 36: About a year after the opening of t
Page 37 and 38: 12. http://www.intel.com (visited 2
Page 39 and 40: The retailer has chosen for minimal
Page 41 and 42: visited 14 July 2006).1. ‘KLM en
Page 43 and 44: has two reasons; one is the busines
Page 45 and 46: Case #19: FIFA World Cup Germany Ti
Page 47 and 48: Case ID 23, level 3 Title Passport
Page 49 and 50: e used. But this has not yet been d
Page 51 and 52: (http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenlan
Page 53 and 54: Case ID # 29, level 1 Title AMC Res
Page 55 and 56: long run, like narrow-casting and o
Page 57 and 58: Sources 13. http://www.kidspotter.c
Page 59 and 60: to the CBP commercial purposes alon
Page 61: 2006). 15. ‘Consumentenorganisati
Page 65 and 66: Case ID # 66, level 2 Title Detenti
Page 67 and 68: (http://www.vdgp.nl/bbcms/assets/pd
Page 69 and 70: data is collected solely for employ
Page 71 and 72: 10. Centro Ricerche Fiat http://www
Page 73 and 74: Some statistical analysis can be do
Page 75 and 76: more matches.” A third reply we h
Page 77 and 78: Case ID # 91, level 1 Title TopGuar
Page 79 and 80: when they collect their tag. Accord
Page 81 and 82: (http://www.sanef.fr/fr/ecommerce/p
Page 83 and 84: (visited 10 September 2006) 83
Page 85 and 86: have several exits clustered togeth
Page 87 and 88: Case ID #128 , level 3 Title Mol Lo
Page 89 and 90: Case #130: Apenheul Case ID # 130,
Page 91 and 92: Case ID #131 , level 1 Title ExxonM
Page 93 and 94: Case ID # 133, level 1 Title Medixi
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