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166 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, xmerous troops across the sea ;and we need but call to minthe ten thousand whom Clearchus led to Cyrus the younge1and with wham Xenophon made his retreat, to be corvinced that greatmultitudes followed this kind of life. Ttsubsequent Phocian war 2 was conducted by the Phocianwho were aided by the treasures of Delphi, almost exclisively with hired troops and Demosthenes is loud in h;complaints and censure of a custom, which all his eloquencwas not able to change. 3Of all writers, Isocrates has spoken the most distinctly othis subject. His longlife continued almost through thwhole periodin which this custom arose; and the consequences were so distinctly visible in his old age, his patriolism could not but break forth in lamentations. Those vertroops of Clearchus and Xenophon, troops which made thPersians tremble, who were they? Men, says Isocratesof such reputation, that they could " not reside in their nativcities. Formerly," says he in another place, 5 " there was nsuch thingas mercenaries ;now the situation of Greece isuch, that it would be far easier to raise an army of vagabondthan of citizens." The natural consequences of this state cthings was, that he who had the most money, had also thmost power. He could raise an army at will. But on'ho\uncertain a foundation did this power repose The rich ma!can be outbid by the rich and;Greece learned, what Carthage learned also with a more melancholy certainty, 6 thatstate which trusts to mercenary troops, must finally trembl"before them. Unless," says Isocrates to Philip, 7 " to provide for the support of these people by establishing colonieof them, they will soon collect in vast troops, and be morformidable to the Hellenes, than the barbarians." 8We have already remarked, that in the eyes of the Greeksthe navy ^was^ more important than the army. They verearly distinguished ships of war from merchant vessels o;which the consequence was, that, as the former belongedt