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TABLE OF CONTENTS.CHAP.General Preliminary RemarksPA cmvliI. Geographical View of Groeco 1II. Earliest Condition of the Nation 3 and its Branches , , . 21III. Original Sources of the Culture of the Greeks . , * . 26IV. The Heroic Age. The Trojan "War 50V. The Period following the Heroic Age. Migrations. Originof Republican Forms of Government, and their Character . 62VI. Homer. The Epic Poets 67VII. Means of Preserving the National Character * . , , . 80VIII. The Persian Wars and their Consequences 93. .IX. Constitutions of the Grecian States 104X, The Political Economy of the Greeks 123*XI. The Judicial Institutions ..*..,.,. 146XII. The Army and Navy 154XIII. Statesmen and Orators 173XIV. The Sciences in Connexion with tlie State 191XV. Poetry and the Arts in Connexion with the State . ..217XVI. Causes of the Fall of Greece23o
THE TRANSLATOR'S PREFACETO THE FIRST EDITION,THE volume of which a translation is here offered to the public, forms inthe original a portion of an extensive work, entitled, " B ejections on theMr.Politics, Intercourse, and Commerce of the chief Nations of Antiquity."Heerea has accomplished his design only with respect to the nations of Asiaand Africa, On those of Europe ne has published nothing further than thepresent series of essays, which relate solely to subjects connected with thepolitical institutions of the Greeks, and may be regarded as an independentcollection of historical sketches.It is on that larger work that the literary reputation of Mr. Heeren primarily depends. Wim respect to the Asiatic and African nations, lie has discussed his subject in its full extent, and furnishes a more distinct account oftheir ancient condition than has perhapsbeen given by any other writer.Early in life he was led to consider the history of the world as influenced bycolonial establishments and commerce ;and the results of his investigations,in a department of science to which he is enthusiastically attached, and towhich he has uninterruptedly devoted the most precious years of a long life,are communicated in the elaborate production which we have named.In that portion which relates to Asia, after considering the character ofthe continent itself, he first treats of the Persians, giving a geographical andstatistical account of their ancient empire, their form of government,the rightsand authority of their kings, the administration of their provinces, and tneirmilitary resources.The Phoenicians next pass in review ;and a sketch is given of their internal condition and government, their colonies and foreign possessions, theircommerce, their manufactures and inland trade.The country and nation of the Babylonians, and their commerce, form thenext subjects of consideration.The Scythians are then delineated, and a geographical survey of theirseveral tribes is naturally followed by an inquiry into the commerce and intercourse of the nations which inhabited the middle of Asia.In treating of India, it was necessary to consider with careful criticism,the knowledge which still remains to us of that distant country, and to collectsuch fragments of information as can be found respectingits earliest history,political constitution, and commerce. The Indians are the most remote Asiatic nation which had an influence on the higher culture of the ancient world,and with them the division which treats of Asia is terminated.To the lover of studies connected with antiquity, the history of the Africannations possesses the deepest interest Beside the physical peculiarities ofthis singular part of the globe, the Carthaginians present the most remarkably example of the wealtn and power which a state may acquire by commerce alone ;and at the same time, it shows most forcibly the changes towhich such a state is exposed, when the uncertainty of its resources isincreased a want of the by higher virtues, of valour, faith, and religion. InEjprpt, on the other hand, the vast antiquity of its political institutions, theveil of uncertainty which hangs over its early condition, connected with the
Page 2 and 3: 938 H45anHeeren64-11691Ancient Gree
Page 7: ANCIENT GREECE.TRANSLATED FROM THE
Page 11: GENERAL PRELIMINARY REMARKS.To the
Page 14 and 15: XPUEUMINAllY REMARKS.Europe belongs
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Page 38 and 39: [CHAP,%% ANCIENT GBEECE,,n.most pow
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ANCIENT GREECE.chosen bylot. 1 Tho
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ANCIENT GKKKCK. [CHAP, in.separate
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ANCIENT GREECE. [niur. nr.place in
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48 ANCIENT GRBECE. [CHAP. in.althou
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50 ANCIENT GREECE, [CHAP. 17.CHAPTE
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52 ANCIENT GBEECE. [ciur. iv.to be
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP.IV.in the inte
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56 ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP. iv.seemed
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58 ANCIENT GEEECE. [CHAP. iv.the en
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60 ANCIEOT GREECE. [CHAP. iv.other,
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62 ANCIENT GREECE.[ cnAP vCHAPTER V
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ANCIENT GREECE.[ciur. y.of Lesbos ;
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ANCIENT GKEECE."in most of them bet
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68 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, vi,them,
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70 ANCIENT GREECE. LCIUP. vi.of the
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[CHAP.72 ANCIENT GREECE..vi.youth.
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74 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, vr.We fin
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76 ANCIENT GREECE. [OHAP.YI.of thei
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78 ANCIENT GEEECB. [CHAP. TI,ally e
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50 ANCIENT GREECE, [CHAP. vn.pas en
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83 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. vn.far as
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84 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. vn.the mo
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86 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. vix.The i
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88 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. vir.becom
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80 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, vn.body.
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92 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, vn.measur
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94 ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP. vm.became
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96 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. YIH,its o
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98 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. vni.that
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100 ANCIENT GREECE. [OIIAP. vxn.con
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102 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. vni.the
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104- ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, ix,CHAP
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106 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. ix.the s
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108 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. a ,right
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110 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. tt .the
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ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP, ix,jects whi
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114: ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. JX .we
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116 ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP. 1X .fore
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118 ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. ix.mainta
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120 ANCIENT GREECE, [CHAP. ix.must
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ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP. ix.sensibly,
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124 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, aIn a na
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5Compare on this subject, first of
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128 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x ,The f
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130 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x .of Ar
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L3 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAK xsupply th
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134 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x .and r
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136 ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. x ,it sub
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ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x.we learn,
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140 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, x.belong
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148 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x.the co
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144 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x.rectly
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146 ANCIENT GREECE, [CHAP. XI.counc
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148 ANCIENT GREECE.- [CHAP. XI.time
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150 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, xi,citiz
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. XLcome before
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xu.enemies. W
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156 ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xir.becam
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158 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. x*n.was
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160 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, MI.On th
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xn.the comman
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164 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xn.drew
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166 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, xmerous
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168 ANCIENT GEEECE. [CHAP. xn.the f
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1 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xii.whole
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172 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xn.Pelop
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174 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP.influenti
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176 ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP. xin.mand
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4 Plutarch. Op. iii. p. 202. 5 Call
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180 ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xin.in al
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xm.suffered t
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184 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xm.we ca
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186. ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xm.resu
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188 ANCIENT GREECE. [CUA.P. xin.in
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190 ANCIENT GIIEECE. [CHAP. xin.suc
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"ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, xiyhas the
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The194 ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP, xiv,t
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196 ANCIENT GBEECE. [CHAP. xiv.alt
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* In Themistocles, Op. i. p. 440. *
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200 ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xiv.dange
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202 ANCIENT GREECE.the higher class
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20-i ANCIENT GREECE.[ CHJLP. xiv.in
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206 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. XIV.requ
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xiv.And here
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210 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xiv.but
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAT-, xrv.are so l
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214 ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xiv.choic
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xiv.A sentime
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218 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, xvBut ev
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP, xv.heroic age
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ANCIENT GREECE,[CHAP. xv.and all th
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22 AKCIENT GREECE. [CHAP . xv,and s
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ANCIENT GBEECE.[CHAP< xythat advant
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ANCIENTM,GREECE.[CHAP. XT.whole str
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30 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xv.a dwel
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xv.inmany ins
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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHA*. xv.of art are
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#36 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP, xvi.stil
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ANCIENT GEEECE.[CHAP. xvi.period, g
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40 ANCIENT GREECE. [CHAP. xvi.it co
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AN INQUIRY INTOTHE POLITICAL CONSEQ
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OF THE REFORMATION. 245stood to the
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OF THE REFORMATION.S47zens, on whos
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OF THE REFORMATION. 249our inquirie
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OF THE BEFORMATION.few potentateswh
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OF THE REFORMATION. 253standing the
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OF THE REFORMATION. 55a struggle ;o
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OF THE REFORMATION. 257pear in a mo
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OF THE REFOKMATION. 259However litt
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OF THE BEFORMATION. 261enced rather
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OF THE REFORMATION. 263time* no one
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OF THE REFORMATION. 265Elizabeth (1
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OF THE REFORMATION. 267pearance of
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OP THE REFORMATION. 69From the mids
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OF THE REFORMATION.the Reformation
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OF THE BEFORMATION.aristocracy than
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OF THE EEFOEMATION. 275very dangero
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OF THE REFORMATION. 277of these, fr
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OF THE REFORMATION, 79The same thin
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OF THE REFOBMATION. 281which itmigh
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OF THE REFORMATION.be directed to s
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OF THE REFORMATION. 85beyond the li
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OF THE REFORMATION. 287foundation-s
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OF THE REFORMATION. 289latter than
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OF THE REFORMATION. 91which had; in
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OF THE REFORMATION. 293certainly no
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OF THE REFORMATION.riority, which t
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OF THE REFORMATION.and France shoul
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,anyOF THE EEFORMATION. 299remain i
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OF THE EEFOBMATION. 01minds of the
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OF THE REFORMATION. 303gaged in cha
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OF THE BEFOBMATION. 305Were they no
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AS IT AFFECTED PHILOSOPHY. 007justl
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AS IT AFFECTED PHILOSOPHY. 309altho
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 311attribute
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES.SISlosophy. I
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES, 315ferent fo
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES.from being mu
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. > 319country
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES.be found else
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 33questions
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OF POLITICAL THEOKIES. 325speculati
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 327According
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 39tion on wh
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 331It has ne
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 333political
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 335sophers a
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. S-37nal rela
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 339will tell
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342 ON THE RISE, PROGKESS, ETC.boas
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M6ON THE RISE, PROGRESS, ETC.tertai
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 349ginal fre
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES, 351be genera
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 353rank. Not
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 355The idea
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 57own, other
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OP POLITICAL THEORIES. 359it be bet
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OF POLITICAL THEORIES. 361The voice
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 363not
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 365It i
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 367are
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 69Band
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN, 371indu
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 31of th
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 375gene
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 377diff
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 379game
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BBITAIN. 881THIE
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 83This
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 385notw
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 387niar
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 389to h
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 391shal
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN.There is
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 395once
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 397nati
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 399a pr
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INTERESTS OF GREA.T BRITAIN. 401lit
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 403coul
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 405fort
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 407quir
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 409poli
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INTERESTS OF GBEAT BRITAIN. 411birt
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 413affe
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 415said
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 417repe
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 419mona
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 421The
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 4231mai
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 425tiat
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INTERESTS OF GEEAT BRITAIN.effected
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INTEBESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 439to c
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 431inde
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 433call
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN,of Dresd
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INTERESTS OF GBEAT BRITAIN. 437term
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 439joye
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 441year
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 443has
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INTERESTS OF GEEAT BRITAIN.of Utrec
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 447to t
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN.as the a
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 451the
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 453admi
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 455assu
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN, 457infl
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 459he w
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 461had
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN, 463of a
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INTEKESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 465whic
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 467when
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 469dire
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 471Basl
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 473from
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 475atta
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of success, asINTERESTS OF GEEAT BR
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INTEEESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 479the
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 481was
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 483cont
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INTEBESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 485But
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of France had succeededINTERESTS OF
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 489than
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 491but
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INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 493only
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INTERESTS OF GEEAT BRITAIN. 495ceed
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INTERESTS BOF GREAT BRITAIN. 497Whe
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INTERESTS OF "GREAT BRITAIN. 499tha
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APPENDIX.(p. 449.)An Examination of
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APPENDIX. 503succession. It was fir
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APPENDIX. 505plements of war, may s
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APPENDIX. 507declared, that under t
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INDEXANCIENT GREECE.Acarnania, geog
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.heroicINDEX TO ANCIENT GREECE. 511
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Protagoras, 201.Pyrrho, 205.Pythago
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INDEX TO HISTORICAL TREATISES. 515"
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,PMlipINDEX TO HISTORICAL TREATISES
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1 08 5347]
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