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ANCIENT GREECE.[CHAP. xv.inmany instances more than one cast was made ;as thenative cities of the victors would hardlyfail in this mannerto appropriate to themselves the fame of their citizens,which formed so much a subjectof pride.Painting, from its very nature, seems to have been moredesigned for private use. Yet in the age of Pericles, whenthe great masters in this art appeared in Athens, it washardly less publicly applied than the art of sculpture. Itwas in the public porticos and temples, that those masters,Polygnotus, Micon, and others, exhibited the productions1of their genius. No trace is to be found of celebrated2private pictures in those times.Yet portraitpainting seems peculiarly to belong to private life. This branch of the art was certainly cultivatedamong the Greeks but not till;the Macedonian age. Thelikenesses of celebrated men were placed in the pictureswhich commemorated their actions ;as that of Miltiades inthe painting of the battle in the Poecile, or pictured hall inAthens ;or the artists found a place for themselves or theirmistresses in such public works. 3But, properly speaking,portrait painting, as such, did not flourish till the timesof Philip and Alexander; and was firstpractised in the4school of Apelles. When powerful princes arose, curiosityor flattery desired to possess their likeness ;the artists weremost sure of receiving compensation for such labours ;andprivate statues as well as pictoes began to grow common ;was addedalthough in most cases something of ideal beautyto the resemblance. 51See Bottiger. Ideen zur Archseologie der Mahlerey. B. i. s. 2?4, etc.2 It is true, Andocides reproached Alcibiades, in his oration against him,of having shut up a painter, who was painting his house ; Or. Gr. iv. p. 119.But this was not the way to obtain a fine specimen of the art. Allusion isthere made to the painting of the whole house, not of an isolated work of art,-and we are not disposed to deny, that in the times of Alcibiades, it was usualto decorate the walls with paintings. On the contrary, this was then verycommon ;for the very painter Archagathus gives as his excuse, that he hadalready contracted to work for several others. But these common paintingsare not to be compared with those in the temples and porticos ; which, asBottiger has proved, Ideen,on wood.c., s. 2B2, were painted, not on the walls, but3Polygnotus, e. g., introduced the beautiful Elpinice, the daughter of Miltiades, as Laodice. Hut in, p. 1/8.4This appears from the accounts in Pirn, xxxv. xxxvi. 12, &c.5 A confirmation, perhaps a more correct statement of these remarks, isexpected by every friend of the arts of antiquity in the continuation of Sottiger'sIdeen zur Geschichte der Mahlerey, That in this period busts of in-