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THE ABTS IN CONNEXION WITH THE STATE. 231that they did not receive applications from private persons.If they had not, the incredible multitude of statues, whichwe have already mentioned, could never have been made. 1This subjectis so important, that it demands to be treatedof more at large.The great masters were principally employed for thecities. These, or the men who were at their head, (as theexample of Pericles informs us,) bespoke works of art, orbought them ready made, to ornament the city and thepublic buildings.We have distinct evidence, that the greatmasterpieces of Phidias, Praxiteles, and Lysippus, owedtheir originto this. Thus were produced the Jupiter atOlympia, the Minerva Polias at Athens, by the first the;Venus at Cnidus, as well as at Cos, by the second the;Colossus of Rhodes, by the third. Yet numerous as werethe applications of cities, the immense multitude of statuescould not be accounted for, unless the piety and the vanityof individuals had come to their assistance.The first assisted by the votive offerings of which, all;the celebrated temples were ML These were by no meansalways works of art, but quite as often mere costly presents.Yet the collections of statues and pictures which belongedto those temples, consisted, for the most part, of votiveofferings. 2 But these were as often the tribute of gratitudefrom whole cities, as from individuals/The vanity of individuals contributed to the same end, bythe custom of erecting statues, commonly of bronze, to the4victors in the games. When we remember the multitudeof these games in Greece, the number of statues will become intelligible ; especially of those of bronze, of which1The Infinite wealth of Greece in treasures of this kind, has been so clearlyexhibited in a late discourse of Jacobs, that it has now become easy to forma distinct idea of them. Jacobs, Uber den Reichthum Griechenlands anplastischen Kunstwerken und die Ursachen desselben.2Not to mention Olympia and Delphi again, we refer to the temple ofJuno in Samos, Strab. L. xiv. p, 438, ofBacchus at Athens, Pans, i 20. Thetemple of Diana at Ephesus was so rich In works of art, that according toPlin. xxxvi. 14, a description of them would have filled several volumes.8The temples received such presents not only during the lifetime of thedonors, but as legacies.A remarkable instance of this is found in the will ofConon, who left 5000 pieces of gold (arar^pte) for that purpose. Lys, Or.Gr. v. p. 639.4See tlie passage in Pliny, xxxiv, 9. His remark that a statue was erectedin honour of every victor at Olympia, seems hardly credible, C Pans.vip.452.