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ANCIENTM,GREECE.[CHAP. XT.whole streets of palaces occupied as the dwellings of privatepersons. A stranger could have been in Athens withoutimagining himself to be in the city which contained thegreatest masterpieces of architecture. The splendour of thecity was not perceived till the public squares and the Acropolis were approached. 1The small dwellings of Themistoclesand of Aristides were long pointed out ;and the building of large houses was regarded as a proof of pride. 2Butwhen luxury increased, the houses were built on a largerseveral chambers for the accommodation of strangersscale ;and for other purposes were built round the court, whichcommonly formed the centre but all this ;might take place,and yet the building could lay no claims to beauty. If atown, which was, it is true, but a provincial town, may becited to corroborate this, we have one still before our eyes.A walk through the excavated streets of Pompeii will besufficient to establish our remark. Where the pomp andsplendour of the public edifices were so great as amongthe Greeks,it was not possible for private buildings torival them.Architecture, as applied to public purposes, began withthe construction of temples; and till the time of the Persianwars, or just before, we hear of no other considerable publicedifices. The number of temples remarkable for their architecture, was till that time a limited on ;although,in theage just preceding the war with Persia, this art had alreadyproduced some of its first works among the Greeks. InGreece itself the temple of Delphi was the most celebrated,after it had been rebuilt 3by the Alcmseonidse. There was alsothe temple of Apollo in Delos. But it was about this time,that the invention of the Ionic order by the Asiatic Greeksin addition to the Doric, which had been used till then, constituted a new epoch in the history of architecture. Thesplendid temple of Diana at Ephesus, erected by the jointexertions of the cities and princes of Grecian Asia, was thefirst building in this new 4style. About the same time Polycratesbuilt the temple of Juno in Samos. The templesu1Dicaearchus de Statu Grsecise, cap. 8. Huds.2Demosthenes reproaches the wealthy Midias with his large house at Eleuas,which intercepted the light of others. Op. 1 p. 565. s Herod, v. 62.the lnsA ]^uc DHirt B t^^s^uisitioi:i 6* 5Tempel der Diana zu Ephesus, von1