Food security and global security - IEEE

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UN’s Millennium Goals (MDGs). Widespread hunger ismarginalised from government agendas when comparedto the media attention that famines tend to receive. Yetthe overall impact, both economically and in terms oflives, is far greater in the case of widespread hunger thanthat of famines.Studies and research centred on the links betweenwar and hunger have been conducted on the premisethat hunger is a consequence of conflict. Through thispaper, we aim to provide a more in-depth analysis inorder to identify hunger as also being both a cause andinstrument of conflict.Key words:Conflict, food security, hunger, malnutrition,humanitarian aid.
Pablo Yuste EcharrenHunger and conflict■■INTRODUCTIONWar and hunger have ridden side-by-side since the times of the Old Testamentin a coupling which ultimately culminates in the Fourth Rider: Death. Althoughthe connections between war and hunger have been studied in depth, little workhas been done linking food crises to conflict. Yet experience shows that bothare likewise closely related in a cycle whereby the effects and consequences ofone compound and augment the effects of the other.We can establish differing types of civil conflicts by taking into account theircauses, objectives, dynamics, combatants, consequences and the instrumentsemployed. Yet we must establish that certain conflicts are the end product ofvarious realities in one. Conflicts may thus be the result of support provided byregional groups or powers to rebel groups (Mozambique), counterinsurgencywars (Afghanistan), civil wars (Eritrea), wars of liberation (Ethiopia), warsagainst marginalisation or to prevent genocide (Uganda) and wars of rebellionagainst a central power in decline (Liberia, Somalia, etc.) and exploited by socalledWarlords.Internal armed conflicts (5) also present differences in terms of their outcomes,which tend to be the following: a) All-out victory on the part of the rebelmovement or movements and the introduction of a new regime (Zaire/Congo,Uganda, Ruanda, Ethiopia, Albania). b) The de facto creation of a new State(Eritrea, Somaliland, Bosnia). c) Negotiated peace with a power-sharing option(Mozambique, Liberia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Camboya, Georgia, SierraLeone). d) A stalemate (Sudan, Angola, Algeria, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka,Burundi). e) Perpetuation of the collapse of the State (Somalia) (6) .173On a different note, food security has become one of the most fertile fieldsof study as regards development and humanitarian action (7) . Yet this concept(5)For more information on the new typology of conflicts, see, among others: Galtung, Johan,«Los fundamentos de los estudios sobre la paz», in Rubio, A. (ed.), Presupuestos teóricosy éticos sobre la Paz, Universidad de Granada; Galtung, Johan, «Paz», in Rubio, A. (ed.),Presupuestos teóricos y éticos sobre la Paz, Universidad de Granada, 1993; Kaldor, Mary,New and old wars. Organized violence in a global era, Tusquets, Barcelona, 2001; MartínezGuzmán, Vicent, Filosofía para hacer las paces, Icaria, Barcelona, 2005; Muñoz, Francisco A,La paz imperfecta, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 2001; Núñez Villaverde, Jesús and ReyMarcos, Francisco, Iraq en su laberinto: apuntes para una salida, CIP/IECAH, Madrid, 2003.(6)Op Cit Pérez Armiño, Karlos.(7)Food Security as a scientific discipline first appeared in the 70’s thanks to the world oilcrisis, which gave rise to a worldwide crisis in cereal and foodstuffs. Since then, differentexplanatory paradigms have occurred concerning the origin and causes of hunger. Recently,the political causal explanation has gained strength, relating to long-term policies, thewillingness of leaders, the need for concertation agreements that create social capital withinStates and the realisation of the right to food. According to this paradigm, the victims ofhunger in many cases are not characterised so much by resource poverty as by lack ofpolitical power in order to claim their rights and put political pressure on the State which issupposed to represent them.
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Food security and globalsecuritySpa
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GENERAL CATALOGUE OF OFFICIAL PUBLI
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CONTENTSCONTENTSINTRODUCTIONSantos
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Santos Castro FernándezIntroductio
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CHAPTER ONETHE HUMAN RIGHT TO FOODA
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Julia Gifra and Susana BeltránThe
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María del Mar Hidalgo GarcíaThe i
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CHAPTER THREETHE ROLE OF WOMEN IN F
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María del Mar Hidalgo GarcíaThe r
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José Esquinas AlcázarBiodiversity
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Page 111 and 112: José Esquinas AlcázarBiodiversity
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José María Medina ReyBiofuels and
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INDEXINDEXPageCONTENTS.............
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From the 1990s to Present day: Sear
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PageConclusions and Recommendations
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Nº TITLE21 Efectos económicos de
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Nº TITLE63 Los grandes maestros de
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Nº TITLE106 Magreb: percepción es
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Nº TITLE144 La cooperación multil
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Food security and global security - IEEE

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