Food security and global security - IEEE

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The Effects of Changes in Atmospheric Composition.................... 69Adaptation of Agricultural Systems to Climate Change........................ 70Climate Change Adaptation Policies in the Agricultural Sector... 71The Role of Traditional Agriculture...................................................... 72Climate-Smart Agriculture..................................................................... 72The Role of the Agricultural Sector in Mitigation..................................... 73The Contribution of the Food Supply Chain to Climate Change. 73Mitigation Without Compromising Food Security............................ 76Financing Sustainable Agriculture.............................................................. 78Conclusions..................................................................................................... 80Chapter IIITHE ROLE OF WOMEN IN FOOD SECURITYIntroduction...................................................................................................... 83The International Legal and Political Framework..................................... 84The Role of Women in Agriculture.............................................................. 88The Gender Gap as Regards Access to Productive Resources,Technology, Markets and Financing.................................................... 90Access to Financial Services and Markets........................................ 91The Presence of Women in Organisations............................................... 94Women and Agricultural Biodiversity......................................................... 95Conclusions..................................................................................................... 96Chapter IVBIODIVERSITY AND SECURITYPageIntroduction...................................................................................................... 99Agricultural Biodiversity and its Genetic Resources as the Basis ofWorld Food Security............................................................................... 105ABD Development.................................................................................. 105The Increasing Loss of ABD And the Danger it Represents......... 106Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity and the Genetic Resourcesit Contains................................................................................. 110Local Varieties and Landraces are part of Nations’ Identity and TraditionalFarmers are their Guardians................................................... 111Interdependence with Regard to ABD. Dependence of Members ofNato and the Need for Interna tional Cooperation............................ 112International Cooperation and the Role of the United Nations............ 114The 1960s and 1970s: International Discussions on Technical,Scientific and Economic Factors Preceding Negotiations............ 115The 1980s: The First Debates and Political Negotiations thatResulted in the Adoption of the International Undertaking andTHE Establishment of an Intergovernmental Commission at theFAO/UN..................................................................................................... 116
From the 1990s to Present day: Searching a Binding Agreementfor the Agricultural Sector and Food Security. From theConvention on Biological Diversity to an International Treatyspecifically for Agricultural Biodiversity.............................................. 119The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food andAgriculture as the first Binding Agreement on Agricultural Biodiversity..........................................................................................................121Objectives of the Treaty......................................................................... 122Essential and Innovative Elements of the Treaty: MultilateralSystem of Access and Benefit-Sharing, Farmers’ Rights, GlobalPlan of Action and other elements of the Treaty............................... 122Implementation: Process and achievements of the Treaty............. 124Future Challenges and Prospects.............................................................. 125Technical and Scientific Aspects: Conservation and use of AgriculturalBiodiversity to Promote Food Security, Achieve EnvironmentalSustainability and Face Climate Change............................. 125Socio-Economic Aspects...................................................................... 127Legal and Institutional Aspects............................................................ 128International Cooperation...................................................................... 130Conclusions and Recommendations......................................................... 131Conclusions and Recommendations at an International Level..... 131Conclusions and Recommendations at the National Level........... 133Final Considerations....................................................................................... 140Chapter VTHE VOLATILITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AND THEWORLD FOOD CRISISPageThe Global Food Crisis of 2007-2008...................................................... 143The Nature and Causes of the Global Food Crisis......................... 143Lessons from the Global Food Crisis................................................. 150The Volatility of the Agricultural Commodities Markets.......................... 152The Increase in the Volatility of the Agricultural Markets and itsEffects........................................................................................................ 152International Action to Reduce the Volatility of Agricultural Markets.............................................................................................................153Causes of the Increased Volatility in the Agricultural Markets...... 154The Challenge of Feeding the Global Population in 2050.................... 156The Challenges Facing World Agriculture......................................... 157Technologies............................................................................................. 158Policies....................................................................................................... 159Institutions................................................................................................. 160Investments............................................................................................... 161The Need for Global Governance of Agriculture and Food.................. 163
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GENERAL CATALOGUE OF OFFICIAL PUBLI
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CONTENTSCONTENTSINTRODUCTIONSantos
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Santos Castro FernándezIntroductio
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CHAPTER ONETHE HUMAN RIGHT TO FOODA
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CHAPTER THREETHE ROLE OF WOMEN IN F
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CHAPTER FIVETHE VOLATILITY OF THEAG
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CHAPTER SIXHUNGER AND CONFLICTPablo
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