© Biospeologica Bibliographia - Publications 2010-2
© Biospeologica Bibliographia - Publications 2010-2
© Biospeologica Bibliographia - Publications 2010-2
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<strong>©</strong> <strong>Biospeologica</strong> <strong>Bibliographia</strong><br />
<strong>Publications</strong> <strong>2010</strong>-1<br />
Page 104 sur 116<br />
Microorganisms are an important part of this subterranean system. They<br />
may be associated with ecological and geological processes in this<br />
environment. These organisms may also produce many substances, such<br />
as enzymes and toxins. These substances may be of great<br />
biotechnological importance or offer risks. There are almost no studies on<br />
the microbiological biodiversity, their importance and potential in<br />
Brazilian caves. The objective of this study was to access the<br />
microbiological diversity in the aphotic zone of a cave located in<br />
northeastern Brazil. The toxigenic and biotechnological potentials of<br />
these microorganisms were tested with the objective of understanding<br />
better the potential and risks offered by cave microorganisms. The<br />
isolates were obtained through the exposure of Petri dishes containing<br />
Dychloran Glycerol (DG-18) Agar and DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal<br />
Chloramphenicol) media for 20 minutes in the cave. After this<br />
proceeding, the Petri dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C. The<br />
isolates were purified, identified and tested on their toxin (aflatoxins,<br />
ochratoxins) and enzymatic (amylase, protease, lipase and pectinase)<br />
production. The enzymatic activity was obtained through semiquantitative<br />
analyses. The toxin production was analyzed through a Thinlayer<br />
Chromatography of Plugs from agar cultures. A total of 17 species<br />
were identified among the 58 isolates obtained in the cave: Aspergillus<br />
(13 spp.), Penicillium (2 spp.), Mucor (1 sp.), Cladosporium (1 sp.).<br />
Enzyme producing fungi were confirmed for lipase (21 isolates), amylase<br />
(22 isolates) and protease (16 isolates). Some species presented high<br />
biotechnological potential. A total of 6 isolates produced ochratoxin A (A.<br />
ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. niger, Aspergillus sp. and A. sulphureus)<br />
and 1 isolate (Aspergillus flavus) produced aflatoxin (B1 and B2). It was<br />
also possible to identify a possible new species of Aspergillus (Asergillus<br />
sp.). The results highlight the need of more microbiological studies in<br />
subterranean environments in order to know the subterranean<br />
microbiological biodiversity, the biotechnological potential of cave<br />
microorganisms and the risks they might be offering.<br />
http://www.icsb<strong>2010</strong>.net/<br />
TAYLOR (E. L. S.), LOPES FERREIRA (R.) & DE<br />
RESENDE STOIANOFF (M. A.), <strong>2010</strong>. Microbiological<br />
study for a management plan in a touristic cave in<br />
Brazil:109-110. In: 20 th International Conference on<br />
Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3<br />
September <strong>2010</strong>, ICSB <strong>2010</strong> Abstract Book, edited by:<br />
Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-<br />
269-286-5. ABS: Caves are stable environments with characteristics<br />
favoring the development of microorganisms such as the filamentous<br />
fungi. However, there is a lack of studies on cave microbiology.<br />
Histoplasma capsulatum is one of the many fungi found in caves. This is<br />
a pathogenic species which may cause a lung disease named<br />
histoplasmosis. H. capulatum is a great concern to cave visitors due to its<br />
association with bat guano. Brazilian caves have been historically used<br />
for ecological and religious tourism. The presence of pathogenic<br />
microorganisms may cause serious health problems. The development of<br />
studies associated with management plans before opening a cave for<br />
tourism is of great importance. The present study is part of a management<br />
plan already approved for a touristic cave in Brazil. The objectives of this<br />
study were to verify the presence of possibly pathogenic fungi in the<br />
cave, verify a possible influence of tourism on the microbiota, and<br />
elaborate a management plan including microbiological analyses for a<br />
touristic cave. For the isolation of H. capsulatum, Petri dishes containing<br />
Brain-Heart Agar and Saburaud media were placed along the cave and<br />
then incubated at 37°C and 25°C respectively. Soil, guano and suspicious<br />
material were also sampled for direct inoculation and dilution methods in<br />
Brain-Heart Agar and Saburaud (37°C and 25°C) media. Petri dishes<br />
containing DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal Cloraphenicol) and Saburaud<br />
were also exposed along the cave for the isolation of other fungi and<br />
CFU(colony formation unit) analyses. No colonies of H. capsuluatum<br />
were identified by any of the methods. A total of six possibly pathogenic,<br />
toxin producers and/or allergenic species were identified. These species<br />
belonged to the genera Aspergillus (A. japonicus and A. ochraceus),<br />
Cladosporium (C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum) and Fusarium (F.<br />
oxysporum and F. solani). It was also possible to observe a significant<br />
variation of CFU in some sampling points during the intense tourism<br />
transit. A new visiting route was also suggested at the end of this study.<br />
The present study highlights the importance of studies on the<br />
underground microbiota, its biodiversity and the inclusion of<br />
microbiological studies in the management plans of touristic caves.<br />
http://www.icsb<strong>2010</strong>.net/<br />
Bernard LEBRETON & Jean-Pierre BESSON<br />
Créé le : 01.01.<strong>2010</strong><br />
Modifié le : 30.06.<strong>2010</strong><br />
TAYLOR (M. S.), BLECHLE (B. E.) & POBST (B. S.),<br />
<strong>2010</strong>. Morphological divergence between cave and surface<br />
populations of the digger crayfish, Fallicambarus fodiens<br />
(Cottle, 1863) (Decapoda, Cambaridae). Crustaceana<br />
83(11):1303-1313. DOI:<br />
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001121610X535555. ABS:<br />
Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, 1863), the digger crayfish, is widespread<br />
across lowland woods and other wetlands of the eastern United States.<br />
More recently, F. fodiens was discovered in two caves located in the<br />
Perryville Karst system in southeastern Missouri. We performed<br />
multivariate analyses to explore whether morphological divergence has<br />
occurred between cave and nearby surface populations of F. fodiens. Our<br />
results revealed that cave individuals had significantly longer antennae<br />
relative to surface individuals, and that cave females had longer<br />
abdomens relative to surface females. Sexual dimorphism, independent of<br />
habitat, was also found. Males had larger chelae and longer antennae, and<br />
females had larger tails. The presence of morphologically distinct F.<br />
fodiens in caves of the Perryville Karst further increases the already high<br />
biodiversity of this karst system. The Perryville Karst is associated with<br />
urban and agricultural areas, so the cave fauna should be closely<br />
monitored to guard against a potentially detrimental impact from urban<br />
and agricultural pollution sources. RÉS: Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle,<br />
1863), l'écrevisse fouisseuse, est largement distribuée dans les bois de<br />
faible altitude et autres zones humides de l'est des États-Unis. Plus<br />
récemment F. fodiens a été découverte dans deux grottes localisées dans<br />
le système karstique de Perryville dans le sud-est du Misssouri. Nous<br />
avons réalisé des analyses multifactorielles pour explorer si des<br />
divergences morphologiques sont apparues entre les populations proches<br />
de F. fodiens des grottes et celles de la surface. Nos résultats révèlent que<br />
les individus des grottes ont significativement des antennes plus longues<br />
par rapport aux individus de surface, et que les femelles des grottes ont<br />
des abdomens plus longs que les femelles de surface. Un dimorphisme<br />
sexuel, indépendant de l'habitat, a aussi été trouvé. Les mâles ont des<br />
pinces plus larges et de plus longues antennes, et les femelles ont un<br />
abdomen plus large. La présence de F. fodiens morphologiquement<br />
distinctes dans les grottes karstiques de Perryville augmente encore la,<br />
déjà grande, biodiversité de ce système karstique. Le karst de Perryville<br />
est associé à des zones urbaines et agricoles, donc la faune des grottes<br />
devrait être soigneusement contrôlée pour la protéger contre un impact<br />
destructeur potentiel à partir de sources de pollution urbaines ou<br />
agricoles.<br />
THIBAUD (J.-M.), <strong>2010</strong>. Les Collemboles, des Hexapodes<br />
vieux de 400 millions d'années, cousins des Insectes, si<br />
communs, mais si méconnus… Les Amis du Muséum<br />
national d'Histoire naturelle 242(Juin):21-23.<br />
THORP (J. H.) & COVICH (A. P.), <strong>2010</strong>. Chapter 2. An<br />
Overview of Inland Aquatic Habitats:25-47. In: Ecology<br />
and Classification of North American Freshwater<br />
Invertebrates. ISBN: 978-0-12-374855-3, third edition,<br />
edited by James H. THORP and Alan P. COVICH. DOI:<br />
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374855-3.00002-9.<br />
THORP (J. H.) & COVICH (A. P.), <strong>2010</strong>. Ecology and<br />
Classification of North American Freshwater<br />
Invertebrates. ISBN: 978-0-12-374855-3, third edition,<br />
edited by James H. THORP and Alan P. COVICH. BL:<br />
Voir: THORP (J. H.) & COVICH (A. P.), Chapter 2. An Overview of<br />
Inland Aquatic Habitats:25-47.<br />
TIAN (M. Y.), <strong>2010</strong>. New records and new species of cavedwelling<br />
trechine beetles from Mulun Nature Reserve,<br />
northern Guangxi, China (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae:<br />
Trechinae). Subterranean Biology 7(2009, December):69-<br />
73.<br />
TIERNO DE FIGUEROA (J. M.), LÓPEZ-RODRÍGUEZ<br />
(M. J.), BAENA (M.) & PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ (T.),<br />
<strong>2010</strong>. Inventario de Fauna Cavernícola de la Cueva del<br />
Nacimiento del Arroyo de San Blas (Siles, Jaén, España).<br />
Propuesta de Conservación y Gestión). Monografías<br />
Bioespeleógicas 5:1-8. RES: Se realiza un inventario de de la fauna<br />
cavernícola de la Cueva del Arroyo de San Blas (Siles, Jaén) y se enfocan