© Biospeologica Bibliographia - Publications 2010-2

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© Biospeologica Bibliographia Publications 2010-1 Page 104 sur 116 Microorganisms are an important part of this subterranean system. They may be associated with ecological and geological processes in this environment. These organisms may also produce many substances, such as enzymes and toxins. These substances may be of great biotechnological importance or offer risks. There are almost no studies on the microbiological biodiversity, their importance and potential in Brazilian caves. The objective of this study was to access the microbiological diversity in the aphotic zone of a cave located in northeastern Brazil. The toxigenic and biotechnological potentials of these microorganisms were tested with the objective of understanding better the potential and risks offered by cave microorganisms. The isolates were obtained through the exposure of Petri dishes containing Dychloran Glycerol (DG-18) Agar and DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol) media for 20 minutes in the cave. After this proceeding, the Petri dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C. The isolates were purified, identified and tested on their toxin (aflatoxins, ochratoxins) and enzymatic (amylase, protease, lipase and pectinase) production. The enzymatic activity was obtained through semiquantitative analyses. The toxin production was analyzed through a Thinlayer Chromatography of Plugs from agar cultures. A total of 17 species were identified among the 58 isolates obtained in the cave: Aspergillus (13 spp.), Penicillium (2 spp.), Mucor (1 sp.), Cladosporium (1 sp.). Enzyme producing fungi were confirmed for lipase (21 isolates), amylase (22 isolates) and protease (16 isolates). Some species presented high biotechnological potential. A total of 6 isolates produced ochratoxin A (A. ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. niger, Aspergillus sp. and A. sulphureus) and 1 isolate (Aspergillus flavus) produced aflatoxin (B1 and B2). It was also possible to identify a possible new species of Aspergillus (Asergillus sp.). The results highlight the need of more microbiological studies in subterranean environments in order to know the subterranean microbiological biodiversity, the biotechnological potential of cave microorganisms and the risks they might be offering. http://www.icsb2010.net/ TAYLOR (E. L. S.), LOPES FERREIRA (R.) & DE RESENDE STOIANOFF (M. A.), 2010. Microbiological study for a management plan in a touristic cave in Brazil:109-110. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961- 269-286-5. ABS: Caves are stable environments with characteristics favoring the development of microorganisms such as the filamentous fungi. However, there is a lack of studies on cave microbiology. Histoplasma capsulatum is one of the many fungi found in caves. This is a pathogenic species which may cause a lung disease named histoplasmosis. H. capulatum is a great concern to cave visitors due to its association with bat guano. Brazilian caves have been historically used for ecological and religious tourism. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms may cause serious health problems. The development of studies associated with management plans before opening a cave for tourism is of great importance. The present study is part of a management plan already approved for a touristic cave in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to verify the presence of possibly pathogenic fungi in the cave, verify a possible influence of tourism on the microbiota, and elaborate a management plan including microbiological analyses for a touristic cave. For the isolation of H. capsulatum, Petri dishes containing Brain-Heart Agar and Saburaud media were placed along the cave and then incubated at 37°C and 25°C respectively. Soil, guano and suspicious material were also sampled for direct inoculation and dilution methods in Brain-Heart Agar and Saburaud (37°C and 25°C) media. Petri dishes containing DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal Cloraphenicol) and Saburaud were also exposed along the cave for the isolation of other fungi and CFU(colony formation unit) analyses. No colonies of H. capsuluatum were identified by any of the methods. A total of six possibly pathogenic, toxin producers and/or allergenic species were identified. These species belonged to the genera Aspergillus (A. japonicus and A. ochraceus), Cladosporium (C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum) and Fusarium (F. oxysporum and F. solani). It was also possible to observe a significant variation of CFU in some sampling points during the intense tourism transit. A new visiting route was also suggested at the end of this study. The present study highlights the importance of studies on the underground microbiota, its biodiversity and the inclusion of microbiological studies in the management plans of touristic caves. http://www.icsb2010.net/ Bernard LEBRETON & Jean-Pierre BESSON Créé le : 01.01.2010 Modifié le : 30.06.2010 TAYLOR (M. S.), BLECHLE (B. E.) & POBST (B. S.), 2010. Morphological divergence between cave and surface populations of the digger crayfish, Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) (Decapoda, Cambaridae). Crustaceana 83(11):1303-1313. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001121610X535555. ABS: Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, 1863), the digger crayfish, is widespread across lowland woods and other wetlands of the eastern United States. More recently, F. fodiens was discovered in two caves located in the Perryville Karst system in southeastern Missouri. We performed multivariate analyses to explore whether morphological divergence has occurred between cave and nearby surface populations of F. fodiens. Our results revealed that cave individuals had significantly longer antennae relative to surface individuals, and that cave females had longer abdomens relative to surface females. Sexual dimorphism, independent of habitat, was also found. Males had larger chelae and longer antennae, and females had larger tails. The presence of morphologically distinct F. fodiens in caves of the Perryville Karst further increases the already high biodiversity of this karst system. The Perryville Karst is associated with urban and agricultural areas, so the cave fauna should be closely monitored to guard against a potentially detrimental impact from urban and agricultural pollution sources. RÉS: Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle, 1863), l'écrevisse fouisseuse, est largement distribuée dans les bois de faible altitude et autres zones humides de l'est des États-Unis. Plus récemment F. fodiens a été découverte dans deux grottes localisées dans le système karstique de Perryville dans le sud-est du Misssouri. Nous avons réalisé des analyses multifactorielles pour explorer si des divergences morphologiques sont apparues entre les populations proches de F. fodiens des grottes et celles de la surface. Nos résultats révèlent que les individus des grottes ont significativement des antennes plus longues par rapport aux individus de surface, et que les femelles des grottes ont des abdomens plus longs que les femelles de surface. Un dimorphisme sexuel, indépendant de l'habitat, a aussi été trouvé. Les mâles ont des pinces plus larges et de plus longues antennes, et les femelles ont un abdomen plus large. La présence de F. fodiens morphologiquement distinctes dans les grottes karstiques de Perryville augmente encore la, déjà grande, biodiversité de ce système karstique. Le karst de Perryville est associé à des zones urbaines et agricoles, donc la faune des grottes devrait être soigneusement contrôlée pour la protéger contre un impact destructeur potentiel à partir de sources de pollution urbaines ou agricoles. THIBAUD (J.-M.), 2010. Les Collemboles, des Hexapodes vieux de 400 millions d'années, cousins des Insectes, si communs, mais si méconnus… Les Amis du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 242(Juin):21-23. THORP (J. H.) & COVICH (A. P.), 2010. Chapter 2. An Overview of Inland Aquatic Habitats:25-47. In: Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. ISBN: 978-0-12-374855-3, third edition, edited by James H. THORP and Alan P. COVICH. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374855-3.00002-9. THORP (J. H.) & COVICH (A. P.), 2010. Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. ISBN: 978-0-12-374855-3, third edition, edited by James H. THORP and Alan P. COVICH. BL: Voir: THORP (J. H.) & COVICH (A. P.), Chapter 2. An Overview of Inland Aquatic Habitats:25-47. TIAN (M. Y.), 2010. New records and new species of cavedwelling trechine beetles from Mulun Nature Reserve, northern Guangxi, China (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Subterranean Biology 7(2009, December):69- 73. TIERNO DE FIGUEROA (J. M.), LÓPEZ-RODRÍGUEZ (M. J.), BAENA (M.) & PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ (T.), 2010. Inventario de Fauna Cavernícola de la Cueva del Nacimiento del Arroyo de San Blas (Siles, Jaén, España). Propuesta de Conservación y Gestión). Monografías Bioespeleógicas 5:1-8. RES: Se realiza un inventario de de la fauna cavernícola de la Cueva del Arroyo de San Blas (Siles, Jaén) y se enfocan
© Biospeologica Bibliographia Publications 2010-1 Page 105 sur 116 algunas ideas de conservación y gestión de la cavidad, debido a su importancia bioespeleológica. TIERNO DE FIGUEROA (J. M.), LÓPEZ-RODRÍGUEZ (M. J.) & PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ (T.), 2010. Un plecóptero endémico de la Cueva del Nacimiento del Arroyo de San Blas: Protonemura gevi. Bioespeleología:120-125. En Historia de las Exploraciones y Catálogo de Cavidades del Término Municipal de Siles. Grupo de Espeleología de Villacarrillo (G.E.V.) (ed.). RES: Se cita el endemismo del plecóptero descrito recientemente endémico de una cavidad de Siles y con adaptaciones al medio subterráneo. TIMMER (J.), 2010. Extinction spreads like a fungus among North America's bats. Science ?. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1188594. BL: Cf WNS, Geomyces destructans. TIMPONE (J. C.), BOYLES (J. G.), MURRAY (K. L.), AUBREY (D. P.) & ROBBINS (L. W.), 2010. Overlap in Roosting Habits of Indiana Bats (Myotis sodalis) and Northern Bats (Myotis septenrionalis). American Midland Naturalist 163(1, January):115-123. http://nd.edu/~ammidnat/January2010.htm TKAVC (R.), SONJAK (S.) & GUNDE-CIMERMAN (N.), 2010. Entomopathogenic fungi associated with two troglophilic moths Scoliopteryx libatrix L. and Triphosa dubitata L.:110. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961- 269-286-5. ABS: Entomopathogenic fungi are very important ecological factors for they influence the insect population size, diversity and distribution and play an important role in nutrient cycling in hypogean environments. Imagos and imago cadavers of troglophilic moths Scoliopteryx libatrix and Triphosa dubitata were sampled in 10 different limestone caves in Slovenian karst. From aseptically isolated intestine of sacrificed imagos we couldn't isolate any fungi. From imagos' cadavers entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of macro- and micromorphology and on the basis of nucleotide sequence of the ITS1-5,8S rRNA-ITS2 region. From cadavers three different fungal species were isolated: Beauveria bassiana, Isaria farinosa and Lecanicillium fusisporum. Fungal species Beauveria bassiana was isolated most frequently, although it wasn't ever isolated from Scoliopteryx libatrix and Triphosa dubitata before. The population structure of isolated strains of the species was analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). We found out that the majority of the strains had a low rate of polymorphism and that strains isolated from Scoliopteryx libatrix cadaver group together regarding sampling location, while strains isolated from Triphosa dubitata imago cadavers were in contrast very different. http://www.icsb2010.net/ TOBLER (M.), CULUMBER (Z. W.), PLATH (M.), WINEMILLER (K. O.) & ROSENTHAL (G. G.), 2010. An indigenous religious ritual selects for resistance to a toxicant in a livebearing fish. Biology Letters, published online before print September 8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0663. ABS: Humaninduced environmental change can affect the evolutionary trajectory of populations. In Mexico, indigenous Zoque people annually introduce barbasco, a fish toxicant, into the Cueva del Azufre to harvest fish during a religious ceremony. Here, we investigated tolerance to barbasco in fish from sites exposed and unexposed to the ritual. We found that barbasco tolerance increases with body size and differs between the sexes. Furthermore, fish from sites exposed to the ceremony had a significantly higher tolerance. Consequently, the annual ceremony may not only affect population structure and gene flow among habitat types, but the increased tolerance in exposed fish may indicate adaptation to human cultural practices in a natural population on a very small spatial scale. KW: Adaptation, anthropogenic disturbance, barbasco, cavefish, rotenone, Poecilia mexicana. TOMLINSON (M.) & BOULTON (A. J.), 2010. Ecology and management of subsurface groundwater dependent Bernard LEBRETON & Jean-Pierre BESSON Créé le : 01.01.2010 Modifié le : 30.06.2010 ecosystems in Australia - a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 61(8):936-949. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF09267. ABS: As demand for consumptive use of groundwater escalates, the need for careful management becomes more pressing. Water reforms in Australia require explicit recognition of environmental needs in water resource plans, but subsurface groundwater dependent ecosystems (SGDEs) are rarely provided for. The ecological values of these sequestered ecosystems are not well documented and are readily overlooked. We review the biodiversity, ecological processes and ecosystem services of Australian SGDEs and highlight the ecological relevance of their connectivity with other ecosystems. A lack of attention to SGDEs in groundwater plans risks inadequate provision for environmental water requirements with probable impacts on ecological values, water quality and ecosystem goods and services in SGDEs and connected ecosystems. We suggest an ecohydrogeological approach to understanding the implications of anthropogenic disturbance on SGDEs based on their connectivity to other ecosystems and aquifer permeability. As well as a template for comparative research on the biogeochemistry and ecology of SGDEs in Australia and overseas, this conceptual tool has potential application in conservation planning, water resource assessment and environmental impact assessment. KW: Aquatic conservation, aquifer permeability, ecohydrogeology, environmental water requirements, groundwater regime, stygofauna, water resources. TORRES-TALAMANTE (O.), 2010. Food webs in Mexican Carribean Caves:95, poster presentation. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-269-286-5. ABS: Anchialine ecology is needed for both decision-making and conservation strategies establishment of these vulnerable ecosystems. The Mexican Caribbean coast requires special attention due to explosive urban expansion in response to tourism development. On the other hand anchialine research is young and quite challenging so food webs studies are scarce in anchialine systems and the lack of baseline make comparisons difficult. Stable isotopes are a powerful tool and an informative starting point to elucidate the origin of organic matter and diets in anchialine ecosystems. Along with stable isotopes, nutrients concentrations, pH and dissolved oxygen will help to elucidate trophic dynamics between pristine caves and those with an anthropogenic signal. Historic and recent stable isotope studies in Mexican Caribbean coast show variation within and among species, and between different areas, suggesting variation in the sources of organic matter input into the anchialine systems. Results from an anchialine cave in Mexico show huge variations. Atyid shrimp show variations of d13C >15‰ and d15N >10‰, amphipods show variation of d13C 9‰ and d15N >10‰. Diet assessment using gut content and mixing equations for stable isotopes, indicates that omnivory is a strategy in Remipedia. The same cave shows the world's highest abundances of Remipedia (Crustacea). Remipeds censuses have been conducted in 2001, 2007, 2009 and monthly during 2010. http://www.icsb2010.net/ TOURNIER (T.), 2010. Explorations en Thaïlande. C. R. E. I. (Commission Relations et Expéditions Internationales) de la F. F. S. (Fédération Française de Spéléologie), 104 p. TOWNSEND (J. I.), 2010. Trechini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae). Fauna of New Zealand [Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa] 62, 101 p. Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand. TRAJANO (E.), 2010. Source versus sink populations concept applied to the Schiner-Racovitza classification of subterranean organisms:174. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-269-286-5. ABS: One of the most interesting and useful recent concepts in speleobiology is the distinction between source and sink populations: a sink population, if cut off from all other migrants, eventually becomes extinct, whereas a source populations has excess production and continues to grow if isolated. Sink populations are habitatlevel phenomena, corresponding to stranded groups of individuals in habitats less than suitable (in terms of space, food and other resources necessary for selfsustained, source populations). Therefore, their presence
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