© Biospeologica Bibliographia - Publications 2010-2

© Biospeologica Bibliographia
Publications 2010-1
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presence and documenting new localities. Another important subject is
the study of the history of research of Proteus. Owing to this interest, the
laboratory has put together an extensive library on this species. The
laboratory also raises the public awareness of Proteus as the symbol of
the Slovene natural history, with special emphasis on nature conservation.
Since the beginning, one of the missions of Tular was to establish a
breeding colony, which could reintroduce Proteus back to a destroyed
habitat. This idea became most urgent after the discovery of an extremely
vulnerable and rare P. a. parkelj in SE Slovenia, where even a local
pollution could destroy the entire population. Occasionally, the laboratory
serves as a sanctuary for injured specimens that were washed out of their
subterranean habitat. http://www.icsb2010.net/
ALJANČIČ (G.) & PRELOVŠEK (M.), 2010. Does Proteus
detect and react to a sudden rise of water conductivity
which indicates incoming flood?:114-115, poster
presentation. In: 20 th International Conference on
Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3
September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by:
Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-
269-286-5. ABS: The European cave salamander, Proteus anguinus
(Amphibia: Urodela) is restricted to its aquatic cave habitat. However,
during seasonal flooding, some individuals are washed out of their
subterranean environment. In fact, this was the only way to obtain
Proteus through the early decades of its research. Also, many new
localities were discovered on the account of this, obviously not rare,
phenomena. Though this may be considered as a highly hazardous way of
Proteus to disperse into new habitats, it is clear that all these individuals
present a constant loss for their population. There are several suggestions
how Proteus could directly detect the coming flood and search for shelter
(sensing sudden rise of water level/increase of water current, detecting
changes of sound owing to the higher water level/percolating water,
sensing the changes of temperature/chemistry of water, etc.), though non
of them were observed or tested. Recently, another possibility was
proposed by M. Prelovšek. Precise measurements of several physical and
chemical parameters of cave water have revealed a significant rise in
electrical conductivity shortly after first rain, up to several hours before a
substantial rise of the water level. Namely, the rain above the cave
squeezes the old, saturated water from the aquifer. A fast response of
local infiltration of precipitation is followed by higher but later flow of
water from a distant but larger catchment area, which actually brings the
flood, and a rapid decrease of electrical conductivity. On the basis of a
short preliminary behavioural test, performed in the Tular Cave
Laboratory, it was not possible to conclude with certainty whether
Proteus is sensitive to the changes of electrical conductivity in the range
that appears in a cave water prior the flood. Further laboratory
investigation, supported by observation in nature is needed.
http://www.icsb2010.net/
ALLEGRUCCI (G.), TREWICK (S. A.), FORTUNATO
(A.), CARCHINI (G.) & SBORDONI (V.), 2010. Cave
Crickets and Cave Weta (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae)
from the Southern End of the World: A Molecular
Phylogeny Test of Biogeographical Hypotheses. Journal
of Orthoptera Research 19(1):121-130. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1665/034.019.0118. ABS: In this study we
reconstructed the molecular phylogeny and attempted to infer historical
biogeography of a sample of cricket species, most of them cave-dwelling,
belonging to the subfamily Macropathinae (Orthoptera,
Rhaphidophoridae) which shows a clear Gondwanan distribution. We
sequenced fragments of 4 genes (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and
28S rRNA), for a total of 1993 bp. We present here preliminary data
based on a total of 17 species, 11 belonging to Macropathinae and
representative of the main regions of Gondawanaland, 7 to
Aemodogryllinae and Rhaphidophorinae from India, Bhutan, China,
Philippines and the Sulawesi Islands. The use of relaxed molecular clocks
by means of Bayesian analysis allowed us to estimate the timing of the
main cladogenetic events, using calibration of a molecular clock; the
clock is based on the plate disjunction of Africa from South America,
Australia from Zealandia (New Zealand), or Australia from Antarctica.
The latter was considered at two different datings on the basis of two
alternative palaeogeographic hypotheses. Node dating using separation of
Africa or a model of earlier separation of Australia from Antarctica,
suggests that the main cladogenetic events in the Macropathinae
phylogeny could be explained by vicariance hypotheses, related to the
Gondwana fragmentation. However, two other equally valid calibrations
Bernard LEBRETON & Jean-Pierre BESSON
Créé le : 01.01.2010
Modifié le : 30.06.2010
suggest that lineage formation is not consistent with vicariant processes
and requires either some long-distance dispersal, or an inconceivable age
of origin of this family of insects, enabling the prior existence of all
lineages in Gondwanaland with subsequent regional extinction. KW:
Gondwanaland, molecular rates, biogeography, cave crickets,
Macropathinae, Rhaphidophoridae.
ALLEGRUCCI (G.), TRUCCHI (E.) & SBORDONI (V.),
2010. Patterns of speciation in Dolichopoda cave crickets
(Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae):54-55. In: 20 th
International Conference on Subterranean Biology,
Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB
2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter
TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-269-286-5. ABS: This study
focuses on the phylogenetic relationships among ninety percent of known
Dolichopoda species (44 out of 49); primarily a Mediterranean genus,
distributed from eastern Pyrenees to Caucasus. A total of 2490 base pairs
were sequenced corresponding to partial sequences of one nuclear (28S
rRNA) and three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S and COI). A relaxed
molecular clock, inferred from Bayesian analysis was applied to estimate
the divergence times between the lineages using well dated palaeoevents
of the study areas. Molecular substitution rates per lineage per million
years were also obtained for each analysed gene. Based on the nearly
complete species phylogeny, temporal patterns of diversification were
analysed using Lineage-Through-Time plots and diversification statistics.
Alternative hypotheses about the colonization of western Mediterranean
by Dolichopoda species were tested by means of Approximate Bayesian
Computation analysis and by comparing the degree of discordance
between species trees and gene trees under four plausible biogeographic
scenarios. Both phylogenetic reconstruction and results from the
biogeographical hypotheses test suggested that the current distribution of
Dolichopoda species has been essentially shaped from the
palaeogeographic and climatic events occurred in the Mediterranean
region, starting from Late Miocene up to the Plio-Pleistocene. Our results
suggest that the current distribution of Dolichopoda can be explained by a
combination of both vicariance and dispersal events, with many processes
occurring in ancestral epigean populations before the invasion of the
subterranean environment. http://www.icsb2010.net/
ALLEN (L. C.), TURMELLE (A. S.), WIDMAIER (E. P.),
HRISTOV (N. I.), McCRACKEN (G. F.) & KUNZ (T.
H.), 2010. Variation in Physiological Stress between
Bridge- and Cave-Roosting Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats.
Conservation Biology Early View (Articles online in
advance of print). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-
1739.2010.01624.x. ABS: Since the late 1980s, Brazilian free-tailed
bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) have increasingly used bridges as roosts in
the southern United States. We examined differences in blood cortisol
levels, body condition, and parasite load, as measures of physiological
stress in bats roosting in bridges and bats roosting in caves. We collected
data during three periods, coinciding with female phases of reproduction.
For all measures, bats were captured during the nightly emergence from
the roost and immediately sampled. Cortisol levels were significantly
higher during pregnancy and lactation and in individuals with lower
body-condition scores (length of forearm to mass ratio) and significantly
higher in bats roosting in caves than in those roosting in bridges. Thus,
we concluded that individuals of this species that roost in bridges are not
chronically stressed and seem to be unaffected by human activities
present at bridges. This is a rare documented instance where a humandominated
environment does not appear to be adversely affecting the
physiological health of a free-ranging animal. RES: Desde fines de la
década de 1980, murciélagos (Tadarida brasiliensis) han incrementado el
uso de puentes como perchas en el sur de los Estados Unidos.
Examinamos las diferencias en los niveles de cortisol en la sangre,
condición del cuerpo y carga de parásitos, como medidas del estrés
fisiológico en murciélagos que perchan en puentes y murciélagos que
perchan en cuevas. Recolectamos datos durante 3 períodos, coincidentes
con las fases reproductivas de hembras. Para todas las medidas, los
murciélagos fueron capturados al salir de sus perchas y procesados
inmediatamente. Los niveles de cortisol fueron significativamente
mayores durante el embarazo y la lactancia y en individuos con valores
bajos en la condición del cuerpo (relación longitud del antebrazo - masa)
y significativamente mayores en murciélagos que perchan en cuevas que
en los que perchan en puentes. Por lo tanto, concluimos que los
individuos de esta especie que perchan en puentes no están estresados
crónicamente y parece que las actividades humanas en el puente no les