© Biospeologica Bibliographia - Publications 2010-2

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© Biospeologica Bibliographia Publications 2010-1 Page 106 sur 116 in such habitats is unpredictable. Cases of putative sink populations are known among stygobites observed in peripheral habitats such as intermittent pools fed by seeps in the vadose zone of caves (e. g., Stygobromus emarginatus amphipods in Organ Cave, USA; Ituglanis epikarstikus catfish in rimstone pools in Sao Mateus Cave, Brazil). Other examples include stygobitic Trichomycterus catfish in Lapa do Peixe, Brazil (source population is somewhere else in the cave system) and nontroglomorphic Aegla decapods in Barra Bonita Cave, Brazil (source population in epigean streams). When applied to the Schiner-Racovitza classification, this conceptualization leads to clearer and biologically meaningful definitions of the three categories classically recognized: 1. troglobites (stygobites) correspond to exclusively subterranean source populations, with sink populations possibly found in surface habitats; 2. troglophiles (stygophiles) include source populations both in hypogean and epigean habitats, with individuals regularly commuting between these habitats, promoting the introgression of genes selected under epigean regimes into subterranean populations (and vice-versa); 3. trogloxenes (stygoxenes) are instances of source populations in epigean habitats, but using subterranean resources (in the so-called obligatory trogloxenes, all individuals are dependent on both surface and subterranean resources). Sink populations do not fit the Schiner- Racovitza scheme, unless one considers stranded troglobitic or stygobitic individuals as part of the subterranean source population from which they originated (e. g., the above mentioned Ituglanis and Trichomycterus catfishes). http://www.icsb2010.net/ TRAJANO (E.) & BICHUETTE (M. E.), 2010. Chapter 9. Subterranean Fishes of Brazil:331-356. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/EBK1578086702-c9. In: TRAJANO (E.), BICHUETTE (M. E.) & KAPOOR (B. G.), Biology of Subterranean Fishes. Edited by TRAJANO (E.), BICHUETTE (M. E.) & KAPOOR (B. G.). ISBN: 978-1-57808-670-2. eBook ISBN: 978-1-4398-4048-1. Science Publishers 2010. 460 p. TRAJANO (E.) & BICHUETTE (M. E.), 2010. Diversity of Brazilian subterranean invertebrates, with a list of troglomorphic taxa. Subterranean Biology 7(2009, December):1-16. ABS: The taxonomic diversity of invertebrates found in Brazilian caves and other subterranean habitats is presented, with a brief history of scientific investigations in the country and data on their distribution and biology. Similarities and differences in relation to other tropical and temperate regions are pointed to. An updated list of subterranean troglomorphic taxa is also presented. KW: Subterranean biodiversity, invertebrates, Brazil, troglomorphic taxa, distribution. TRAJANO (E.) & BICHUETTE (M. E.), 2010. Preface:vvi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/EBK1578086702-f. In: TRAJANO (E.), BICHUETTE (M. E.) & KAPOOR (B. G.), Biology of Subterranean Fishes. Edited by TRAJANO (E.), BICHUETTE (M. E.) & KAPOOR (B. G.). ISBN: 978-1-57808-670-2. eBook ISBN: 978-1-4398-4048-1. Science Publishers 2010. 460 p. TRAJANO (E.), HERRERO (J. C. H.) & MENNA- BARRETO (L.), 2010. Chronobiological studies on Brazilian subterranean fishes: a summary and new data on locomotor activity rhythms under light-dark cycles:124. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-269-286-5. ABS: The Brazilian subterranean ichthyofauna includes the largest number of species investigated with focus on rhythmicity. So far, 11 among 26 troglomorphic fishes have been studied under free-running conditions (DD) and light-dark cycles (LD 12:12 h): the characid Stygichthys typhlops and, among catfishes, the heptapterids Pimelodella kronei, P. spelaea, Rhamdia enfurnada and three Rhamdiopsis spp., the trichomycterids Trichomycterus itacarambiensis and two Trichomycterus spp., and the callichthyid Aspidoras sp. Regression of mechanisms of time control of the locomotor activity has been shown for all studied fishes, in a lower or higher degree paralleling that of reduction of eyes and pigmentation. Individuals of highly troglomorphic species, such as S. typhlops and Rhamdiopsis sp. from Campo Formoso, were arrhythmic under free-running conditions, whereas in less troglomorphic fishes (e. g., Bernard LEBRETON & Jean-Pierre BESSON Créé le : 01.01.2010 Modifié le : 30.06.2010 R. enfurnada, P. spelaea, P. kronei, Rhamdiopsis from Salitre Cave) part of the individuals retained significant circadian rhythms; interestingly, larger (probably older) individuals tend to present weaker rhythms. In general, the activity peaks were observed in the dark phases, indicating that these peaks correspond to a character state retained from the nocturnal ancestors. When submitted to LD cycles, locomotor activity was entrained in all studied individuals, except for S. typhlops fish (most specimens did not respond to this condition). Individual variation regarding the presence (or not) of residual oscillations when the fish returned to free-running conditions was observed in the studied species except for the highly specialized S. typhlops and Rhamdiopsis sp. The absence of such oscillations indicates a masking effect of LD cycles. Data on subterranean fishes provide good evidence for the hypothesis of evolutionary regression of time-control mechanisms involved in locomotor activity in troglobitic organisms, either affecting the oscillator(s) itself or due to uncoupling of the oscillator and its related function(s), supporting the hypothesis of external, ecological selection of circadian rhythms. http://www.icsb2010.net/ TRAJANO (E.) & PAVANI (M. P.), 2010. Related and yet different: behavioral differences between troglobitic heptapterid catfishes, Pimelodella kronei and Rhamdia spp.:125, poster presentation. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-269-286-5. ABS: Species of Pimelodella and Rhamdia have adjacent placements within the Heptapteridae phylogeny, and are similar in general appearance, distribution and habitat preferences and food habitats - species of both genera are generalist carnivores, with Rhamdia tending to be more benthonic, reaching larger sizes and incorporating fish in their diet. Ecological studies on the Brazilian troglobitic P. kronei and R. enfurnada did not reveal any differences which could not be attributed to habitat specificities. However, important behavioral differences were observed in laboratory. Chronobiological studies indicated that, in aquaria, P. kronei exhibits higher levels of spontaneous activity, with shorter intervals without detectable locomotor activity (less than 30 min.), whereas R. enfurnada may remain stationary for hours; this may reflect differences in the epigean ancestors since large Rhamdia catfishes are sit-and-wait predators. P. kronei presents more organized and distinctive, therefore predictable, patterns of chemical communication at distance, more clearly related to size and sex (small individuals generally avoid water from cospecifics, larger males are usually attracted) than in R. enfurnada, in which reaction to cospecifics varied from indifference to attraction; when detected, such responses were delayed in relation to the observed for P. kronei, possibly as a correlate to the lower activity levels in R. enfurnada. A new troglomorphic Rhamdia species from Bodoquena karst area, NW Brazil, also studied, was intermediate in these aspects. Likewise, patterns of aggressiveness are distinct. Agonistic interactions are more frequent in P. kronei and include a richer behavioral repertoire, not leading directly to death, indicating a ritualized behavior. In opposition, such interactions, rarely observed in R. enfurnada kept in groups, are less defined but, when occurring (usually among larger individuals), they lead rapidly to casualties. http://www.icsb2010.net/ TSCHERTER (C.) & CAILHOL (D.), 2010. Courrier de la Fédération Française de Spéléologie, Commission Environnement et Scientifique, du 11 Août 2010. Objet: Stratégies de création d'aires protégées. 5 p. TSCHERTER (C.), CAILHOL (D.) & D'ANTONI- NOBÉCOURT (J.-C.), 2010. Commissions environnement et scientifique. La spéléologie et les espaces protégés: une contrainte ou une opportunité pour l'avenir? Spelunca 119(Septembre, 3 e trimestre):60-63. TSOAR (A.), NATHAN (R.), BARTAN (Y.), DELL'OMO (G.), VYSSOTSKI (A. L.) & ULANOVSKY (N.), 2010. P 158. GPS tracking of Egyptian fruit bats: First evidence for large-scale navigational map in a mammal:589. In: 9 th International Congress of Neuroethology, Salamanca (Spain), 2-7 August 2010. Sponsored by the International Society for Neuroethology (neuroethology.org). Abstracts. ABS: The ability to navigate is crucial for animals, yet navigational
© Biospeologica Bibliographia Publications 2010-1 Page 107 sur 116 mechanisms are poorly understood, especially in mammals. Here we report the first high-resolution GPS-tracking of bats. When GPS-tagged bats were released near their cave, they exhibited high, fast and very straight commuting flights from their cave to remote fruit-trees, and bats returned to the same trees night-after-night. Bats displaced 44-km south homed directly to one of two goal locations familiar fruit-tree or cave ruling out beaconing, route-following, or path-integration navigational mechanisms. Bats released within a deep natural crater were initially severely disoriented but eventually left the crater towards the home direction and homed successfully, while bats released at the crater-edge top homed directly suggesting navigation guided primarily but not exclusively by distal visual landmarks. Overall, these results provide the first evidence for large-scale navigational map in mammals. TSOAR (A.), ULANOVSKY (N.), BARTAN (Y.), ALTSTEIN (O.), DELL'OMO (G.), VYSSOTSKI (A. L.) & NATHAN (R.), 2010. Movement ecology of GPStracked Rousettus aegyptiacus: Unexpected foraging movements in a predicable heterogeneous landscape:300- 301. In: 15 th International Bat Research Conference, Prague, 22-27 August 2010, the conference manual: Programme, abstracts, list of participants, edited by: Ivan HORÁČEK and Petr BENDA, ISBN 978-80-87154-46-5, 380 p. ABS: Optimal foraging theory asserts that an optimal forager should minimize energetic and risk costs associated with movement while maximizing the gain from food consumption during the foraging bout. Therefore, all else being equal, nearby food sources are expected to be favored by central place foragers over distant ones. Recent miniaturization and power reduction in GPS technology enables us, for the first time, to assess this basic prediction by monitoring bat movements over relatively large spatial scales with high spatiotemporal resolution. Using a miniature GPS datalogger (mass range 6.9-11.1 g), we collected high resolution, three-dimensional, location data of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Bats were captured upon departure from their cave, equipped with a GPS data logger on their back, and released at the capture site (N=28). Tracked fruit bats exhibited long (14.6±3.7 km), straight (straightness index: 0.96±0.03) and fast (33.0±5.2 km/hr) continuous commuting flights in relatively high altitudes above ground level (108±52.6 m) upon departing from their roost after sunset and while flying back from the foraging site to the roost before sunrise. Bats exhibited high fidelity to their foraging tree, returning to the same fruit tree night after night (97.5% of the foraging bats flew repeatedly to the same location within 3 consecutive nights), often using the same flyway. In all but one case, bats did not select the closest fruit tree to forage from, but flew to large distances passing on their way many trees of the same species and ripeness state. Bats were also found to be loyal to their roost, yet occasionally switch to neighboring roosts. This roost switch might result from capture trauma or attributed to minimization of nightly foraging flights. TURJAK (M.) & TRONTELJ (P.), 2010. A new tree-based method for the quantitative analysis of phylogenetic character patterns: a case study with Niphargus (Amphipoda; Crustacea):175. In: 20 th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Postojna, Slovenia, 29 August-3 September 2010, ICSB 2010 Abstract Book, edited by: Ajda MOŠKRIČ and Peter TRONTELJ, ISBN 978-961-269-286-5. ABS: We have developed a new method for calculating the probabilities of a character being synapomorphic for particular clades. It is based on the pattern of character states distribution among taxa, using tree topology as a computational framework representing only the hierarchical structure of the clades. In this case study we explored the phylogenetic patterns of morphological variability in the subterranean amphipod genus Niphargus. Traditional systematics of the genus has relied on general body shape, size and some combination of morphological characters to group the 300 or more taxa into infrageneric groups. We used a recent molecular topology to map the characters of interest. As expected, and as has already been shown earlier, we could confirm that the same morphological types have evolved in different clades independently, pointing to extensive parallel evolution in subterranean aquatic environments. Our approach enables a wide range of analyses and comparisons as it measures the probability of a given character being synapomorphic in a given monophyletic group. What makes it new and different is that the probability is calculated directly from the phylogenetic pattern, without having to rely on a particular Bernard LEBRETON & Jean-Pierre BESSON Créé le : 01.01.2010 Modifié le : 30.06.2010 model of evolutionary character transformation like a probabilistic substitution model or the parsimony principle. http://www.icsb2010.net/ TURQUIN (M.-J.), 2010. Le paradoxe de la biodiversité du milieu souterrain [The paradox of the biodiversity of the underground world]. Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, hors-série n° 2:? RÉS: Contrairement aux milieux de surface, l'écosystème cavernicole est si simple qu'il ne peut abriter que quelques espèces qui exhibent les mêmes exigences dans toutes les grottes du monde. Paradoxalement une diversité spécifique faible est donc un gage de qualité, et on peut même parler de climax depuis 15000 ans au minimum. De fait, 150 ans après la découverte d'une vie spécialisée dans les grottes, les inventaires des divers massifs calcaires sont achevés, avec rarement la découverte d'une espèce nouvelle. En revanche, lorsque le milieu souterrain devient eutrophe à cause d'une fréquentation excessive ou d'une pollution par la surface, des espèces allochtones à plus grande valence écologique, s'y installent. En soixante ans certaines grottes se sont dégradées, d'autres améliorées en fonction des aléas de leur utilisation. Mais les troglobies survivent et se dispersent dans les mésocavernes, fissures, et drains qui constituent le Milieu Souterrain Superficiel. ABS: Contrary to the environment of surface, the cave ecosystem is so simple as to shelter only species which show the same requirements in all the caves of the world. Paradoxically a low specific variety is thus a quality index, and we can even speak about climax for 15000 years at least. Actually, 150 years after the discovery of a life specialized in caves, inventories of the diverse calcareous massifs are complete, with rarely the discovery of a new species. On the other hand, when the underground habitat becomes eutrophic because of an increase in visit frequency or a pollution from the surface, allochthonous species with wide ecological valency, settle down there. In sixty years certain caves degraded, the others were improved according to the consequence of their use. But cave-dwellers survive and scatter in lateral cavities, cracks, and drains which constitute the Superficial Underground Environment. http://www.linneennelyon.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=41 TURQUIN (M.-J.), 2010. Progrès dans la connaissance de la métagénèse chez Craspedacusta sowerbii (= sowerbyi) (Limnoméduse, Olindiidae). Bourgogne-Nature 9/10:162- 174 TURQUIN (M.-J.), MARTIN (D.), COLSON (C.), GINET (R.), CREUZÉ DES CHÂTELLIERS (M.), MALARD (F.), HERVANT (F.), REYGROBELLET (J.-L.), PAPIN (A.), MERMILLOD-BLONDIN (F.), DOUADY (C.), PISCART (C.), SIMON (L.), FOULQUIER (A.) & NAVEL (S.), 2010. Janine GIBERT, 29 August 1945 - 14 April 2009. SIBIOS-ISSB Newsletter 7(2006-2010):44-46. UHRIN (M.), KAŇUCH (P.), KRIŠTOFÍK (J.) & PAULE (L.), 2010. Phenotypic plasticity in the greater mouseeared bat in extremely different roost conditions. Acta Theriologica 55(2, April):153-164. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.073.2009. ABS: Bats use various roost types with a wide spectrum of ecological features. The greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797), creates nurseries in attics and caves in Central Europe. The stable low temperature and high humidity cave microclimate contrasts that of attics, which may alter species adaptations and life strategies. We analysed population characteristics (composition, body condition, parasite load, and immune response) and genetic relatedness of two proximal M. myotis populations. Age, sexual and parasite species composition were similar between the cave and attic sites. However, a significantly higher parasite load and body condition was detected in the post-partum females and juveniles of the cave colony (n = 263 bats from the cave, 231 from the attic), with the cave colony females having a significantly stronger immune response (n = 2 caves and 2 attics, 20 females per site). There was no evidence for genetic divergence between cave and attic populations (n = 3 caves and 3 attics, 24 females per site), indicating that different population characteristics are not genetically based and that M. myotis is an example of a species with rather unique phenotypic plasticity. KW: Chiroptera, Ecology, Immunity, Parasites, Population genetics. UJVÁRI (Z.), 2010. First records of zerconid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) from Albania, with description
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