The Impact of Direct Democracy on Society - Universität St.Gallen

– 40 –Table 4: Mandatory Statutory Referendum Between 1997 and 2003 (cont.)CantonObwalden(old)Nidwalden(28 Dec 2001)Glarus(30 Mar 2004)Article in cant.const.Effective sinceRemarksart. 65 19 May 1968 All laws were passed in a popularvote at the ballot box,(Landsgemeinde) 57 . For optionalreferendum, see table 5Non-existingart. 69, 1 5 May 2002(5 May 2002)Landsgemeinde: only importantregulations and provisions arepassed in the form <strong>of</strong> lawsGlarus(old)Zug(1 Apr 2003)Freiburg(18 Aug 2004)new constitutionby 1 Jan 2005Freiburg(old)art. 69, 1 lit. b, c 1 May 1988(1 May 1988)art. 34, 4art. 34, 12 Dec 1990(2 Dec 1990)1 Jan 2005(16 May 2004)11 Mar 1921(30 Jan1921)Landsgemeinde: All laws andtreaties, including those forexecution <strong>of</strong> federal lawsExtraordinary mand. stat. ref. forlaws and decrees <strong>of</strong> the KantonsratNon-existingNon existing(see also T/S 1999, p. 210)Solothurn(30 Mar 2004)art. 35 1, lit. c11 Dec 1998(29 Nov1998)Laws which have been passed byless than 2/3 <strong>of</strong> the present members<strong>of</strong> the KantonsratSolothurn(old)Basel-Stadt(4 July 2000)Basel-Land(22 Oct 2002)art. 35, 2;art. 35, 1 lit. kart. 35, 1 lit. dart. 35, 2;art. 35, 1 lit. k(art. 28, 3)art. 29, 1art. 30 lit. a1 Jan 1988(1 Jan 1988)1 Jan 1988, andbefore 1887(1 Jan 1988 /(8 Jun 1986))1890 / 1991(1978 / 1979)1 Jan 2000(7 June 1998)Extraordinary mand, stat. ref. fordecrees (no change)All lawsSee T/S 1999, p. 313.Extraordinary mand. stat ref. fordecrees <strong>of</strong> the Kantonsrat(all laws stemming fromunformulated initiatives)Extraordinary mand. stat ref. forLaws passed with less than 4/5 <strong>of</strong>the present members <strong>of</strong> the Landratart. 30 lit. b1 Jan 2000(7 June 1998)Extraordinary mand. stat. ref. forlaws and nomothetic internationaltreaties57 Personal communication with Mr. DILLIER <strong>of</strong> Rechstdienst <strong>of</strong> Obwalden (24/08/2004).