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Chapter 10: Supporting El Salvador to Reduce Infrastructure Risks within a Green,Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Framework for DevelopmentTable 10.2: Example of green, low-emission and climate-resilient roadmap for wind power2010-2015 2015-2025 2025-2050Publicauthorities(national,regionalor localdependingon theinstitutionalsetup) andregulatorsControl andregulatoryinstrumentsFinancialincentivesand marketinstrumentsReview permitting andlicensing proceduresto offer simple, clear,predictable rules for windprojectsReview grid connectionand usage rules (with gridoperatorsSupport demonstrationprogrammesCreate a favorableenvironment for CDMprojectsAdopt targets for share of wind energy inelectricitySet mandatory Feed-in tariffs or quotas(e.g. RPS, etc.)Adopt environmental integration regulationsto increase acceptance without hindering thedevelopment of wind energyControl new grid connection operators todevelop the grid in anticipation of future winddevelopmentOffer tax credits, subsidies, and soft loanswhere necessaryPromote CDM projectsIncrease national/regional targetsDecrease tariffs as wind energybecomes more competitiveUpdate regulations as technologyand impacts evolveMonitor grid developmentStimulate the availabilityof financing matching thecharacteristics of wind energyprojectsStimulate regulated and voluntarycarbon marketsInformationand trainingConduct wind resourceassessmentsOrganize informationcampaigns on windenergyMake wind resources assessments available todevelopersCreate standards and labels for turbines andset up testing facilitiesDevelop technical training programmesExpand and update informationEnforce standards and promotelabelsMake disclosure of the carboncontent of electricity mandatoryDevelopersInvestors/Financialinstitutions– Avoid environmentally and socially sensitiveareas and adopt ‘good neighbour’ practicesTrain staff on wind energy Develop financial products adapted to thespecificities of wind energy (long-term payback,small projects)–Adopt best technologies tominimise impactsUtilities and grid operatorsTrain staff on wind energyReview grid connectionand usage rules(with regulators)Launch commercial offers promoting windenergyAdopt internal wind energy generation/purchase objectivesDevelop standard power purchase contractsEnsure fair and transparent access to anduse of the gridInclude future wind development forgrid planningDevelop new technologies on smart flexiblegrids, electricity storage and management ofintermittent sourcesMaintain ‘green’ offers and adjustthem to customer requirementsTighten objectivesIncentivize staff on wind resultsOffer fair and simple powerpurchase contractsEnsure fair and transparent accessto and use of the gridContinue to develop the grid toconnect new wind farmsIntegrate new technologiesallowing easier management ofintermittent generation sourcesContractorsTrain on installationand maintenance ofwind farms– Update training on newtechnologiesSuppliers andmanufacturorsTrain installers Pursue research to decrease costs andenvironmental impacts and improve themanagement of intermittencyProvide technical support to installersPromote new technologies andmake them available in as manycountries as possibleProvide technical support toinstallersSource: Schwarz (2009), included in Chapter 3 of Glemarec and others (2009).126Paving the Way for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: Conference Proceedings
Paving the Way for Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: Conference Proceedings 127
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United Nations Development Programm
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Paving the Way forClimate-Resilient
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Chapter 8Figure 8.1: The Feedback-R
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ForewordMr. Gerson MartínezAccordi
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AcknowledgementsThese Proceedings a
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Adapting infrastructure to the risk
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Pradeep Kurukulasuriya, UNDP/GEF, b
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Finally, Stephen Gold’s presentat
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Chapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter
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PART IChapter 1: IntroductionIntrod
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PART IChapter 2: Workshop ContextWo
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PART IChapter 3: Workshop Objective
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