References 217Lum W.K. (1994) ‘Privatisation of Sewerage Services <strong>in</strong> <strong>Malaysia</strong>: The Way Forward’,Kuala Lumpur: Department of Sewerage Services, <strong>Malaysia</strong>.Mackie, J.A. (1995) ‘Economic Growth <strong>in</strong> the ASEAN Region: The Political Underp<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>gs’,<strong>in</strong> J. Ravenhill (ed) S<strong>in</strong>gapore, Indonesia, <strong>Malaysia</strong>, The Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong>Thail<strong>and</strong> Volume I, Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publish<strong>in</strong>g.Mahathir Mohamad (1986) The Challenge, Petal<strong>in</strong>g Jaya: Pel<strong>and</strong>uk Publications.[Translated from Menghadapi Cabaran, Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Antara, 1976].—— (1998a) The Way Forward, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.—— (1998b) The Challenges of Turmoil, Subang Jaya: Pel<strong>and</strong>uk Publications.<strong>Malaysia</strong> (1981) Fourth <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan, 1981–1985, Kuala Lumpur: GovernmentPr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1983a) Industrial Master Plan, Kuala Lumpur: Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1983b) <strong>Malaysia</strong>n Industrial Policy Study, Kuala Lumpur: GovernmentPr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1985) Guidel<strong>in</strong>es on <strong>Privatization</strong>, Kuala Lumpur: Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1986) Fifth <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan, 1986–1990, Kuala Lumpur: Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1989) Mid-Term Review of the Fifth <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan, 1986–1990, Kuala Lumpur:Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1991a) Sixth <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan, 1991–1995, Kuala Lumpur: Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1991b) <strong>Privatization</strong> Master Plan, Kuala Lumpur: Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (1996) Seventh <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan, 1996–2000, Kuala Lumpur: Government Pr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (2001a) Eighth <strong>Malaysia</strong> Plan, 2001–2005, Kuala Lumpur: GovernmentPr<strong>in</strong>ters.—— (2001b) ‘White Paper: Status of the <strong>Malaysia</strong>n Economy’, Kuala Lumpur:Economic Plann<strong>in</strong>g Unit, 30 November.—— (2002) Sewerage Services Act 1993 (Incorporat<strong>in</strong>g all Amendments up to28 February 2002), Kuala Lumpur: The Commission of Law Revision, <strong>Malaysia</strong>.<strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es (1991) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1992a) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1992b) ‘Circular to Shareholders <strong>in</strong> Relation to the Proposed Rights Issue of350,000,000 New Ord<strong>in</strong>ary Chares’, 5 August.—— (1993) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1994) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1995) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1996) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1997) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (1998) Annual Report, Kuala Lumpur: <strong>Malaysia</strong> Airl<strong>in</strong>es.—— (2002) ‘Reorganization of the Group Corporate Structure’, public announcement,30 July [prepared by B<strong>in</strong>a Fikir Consultants].Malek Merican (1986) ‘Review of the NEP from a Private Sector Perspective’, paperpresented at GEMAPUTRA, Kuala Lumpur.M<strong>and</strong>ell, R.W. (1979) F<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g the Capital Requirements of the US Airl<strong>in</strong>e Industry <strong>in</strong>the 1980s, Lex<strong>in</strong>gton: Gower Press.Mart<strong>in</strong>, S. <strong>and</strong> Parker, D. (1997) The Impact of Privatisation: Ownership <strong>and</strong> CorporatePerformance <strong>in</strong> the UK, London: Routledge.Marx, K. (1979 [1867]) Capital Volume 1, Harmondsworth: Pengu<strong>in</strong> Books.McVey, R. (1995) ‘The Southeast Asian Entrepreneur’, <strong>in</strong> J. Ravenhill (ed) S<strong>in</strong>gapore,Indonesia, <strong>Malaysia</strong>, The Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong> Volume I, Aldershot: EdwardElgar Publish<strong>in</strong>g.
218 ReferencesMeans, G. (1986) ‘Ethnic Preference Policies <strong>in</strong> <strong>Malaysia</strong>’, <strong>in</strong> N. Nevitte <strong>and</strong>C.H. Kennedy (eds) (1986) Ethnic Preference <strong>and</strong> Public Policy <strong>in</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g States,Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Meerman, J. (1979) Public Expenditure <strong>in</strong> <strong>Malaysia</strong>, New York: Oxford UniversityPress.Mehmet, O. (1988) Development <strong>in</strong> <strong>Malaysia</strong>: Poverty, Wealth <strong>and</strong> Trusteeship, KualaLumpur: Insan.Melitz, M. (2005) ‘When <strong>and</strong> How Should Infant Industries Be Protected?’,Journal of International Economics, 66 (1): 177–196.Millward, R. <strong>and</strong> Parker, D. (1983) ‘Public <strong>and</strong> Private Enterprise: ComparativeBehaviour <strong>and</strong> Relative Efficiency’, <strong>in</strong> P. Cook <strong>and</strong> C. Kirkpatrick (eds) (2000a)<strong>Privatization</strong> <strong>in</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g Countries Volume I, Cheltenham: Edward ElgarPublish<strong>in</strong>g.Milne, R. <strong>and</strong> Mauzy, D. (1999) <strong>Malaysia</strong>n Politics Under Mahathir, London:Routledge.Mohamad Sheriff (1991) ‘Privatisations’, <strong>in</strong> Lee K.H. <strong>and</strong> S. Nagraj (eds) The<strong>Malaysia</strong>n Economy Beyond 1990, Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Ekonomi <strong>Malaysia</strong>.National Audit Department, <strong>Malaysia</strong> (2000) Laporan Ketua Audit Negara MengenaiPenyata Akaun Awam Serta Aktiviti-aktiviti Kementrian dan Agensi KerajaanPersekutuan [Report of the National Auditor General on the Accounts <strong>and</strong> Activitiesof Federal Government M<strong>in</strong>istries <strong>and</strong> Agencies], Putrajaya: GovernmentPr<strong>in</strong>ters.Neuman, S. (1971) ‘The Malay Political Elite: An Analysis of 134 Malay Legislators,Their Social Backgrounds <strong>and</strong> Attitudes’, PhD dissertation, New York University.Nevitte, N. <strong>and</strong> Kennedy, C.H. (eds) (1986) Ethnic Preference <strong>and</strong> Public Policy <strong>in</strong>Develop<strong>in</strong>g States, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Nomura Asian Equity Research (2002) ‘<strong>Malaysia</strong>n Airl<strong>in</strong>es System’, stock analysis,29 November.Odaka, K. (ed) (1983) The Motor Vehicle Industry <strong>in</strong> Asia, S<strong>in</strong>gapore: S<strong>in</strong>gaporeUniversity Press.Olson, M. (1997) ‘The New Institutional Economics: The Collective ChoiceApproach to Economic Development’, <strong>in</strong> C. Clague (ed) Institutions <strong>and</strong> EconomicDevelopment, Baltimore: Johns Hopk<strong>in</strong>s University Press.—— (2000) ‘Dictatorship, Democracy <strong>and</strong> Development’, <strong>in</strong> M. Olson <strong>and</strong>S. Kahkonen (eds) A Not-So-Dismal Science, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Olson, M. <strong>and</strong> Kahkonen, S. (2000) ‘Introduction: The Broader View’, <strong>in</strong> M. Olson<strong>and</strong> S. Kahkonen (eds) A Not-So-Dismal Science, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Oster Jr, C. <strong>and</strong> Strong, J. (2000) ‘Transport Restructur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Reform <strong>in</strong> an InternationalContext’, Transportation Journal, 39 (3) Spr<strong>in</strong>g: 18–32.Paribas Capital Markets (1994) ‘<strong>Malaysia</strong>n Airl<strong>in</strong>es’, stock analysis.Parker, D. (2001) ‘Economic <strong>Regulation</strong>: A Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary Literature Review <strong>and</strong>Summary of Research Questions Aris<strong>in</strong>g’, Manchester: Centre on <strong>Regulation</strong><strong>and</strong> Competition Work<strong>in</strong>g Paper Series No. 6.Parker, D. <strong>and</strong> Kirkpatrick, C. (2002) ‘Research<strong>in</strong>g Economic <strong>Regulation</strong> <strong>in</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>gCountries: Develop<strong>in</strong>g a Methodology for Critical Analysis’, Manchester:Centre on <strong>Regulation</strong> <strong>and</strong> Competition Work<strong>in</strong>g Paper Series No. 34.—— (2003) ‘Privatisation <strong>in</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g Countries: A Review of the Evidence <strong>and</strong>the Policy Lessons’, Manchester: Centre on <strong>Regulation</strong> <strong>and</strong> Competition Work<strong>in</strong>gPaper Series No. 55.
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Privatization in MalaysiaRegulation
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Privatization in MalaysiaRegulation
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Dedicated to my parents, Tan Siew S
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viiiContentsProblems 123Conclusion
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xTables6.02 Asia Pacific airlines:
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AbbreviationsAFTAAFTKAPTKARPASEANAS
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LoSLPPJLRTLTALTATLTDLTLMARAMASMBOMC
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1 IntroductionWhy privatize?The deb
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Introduction: why privatize? 3neces
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Introduction: why privatize? 5count
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2 Privatization, rents andrent-seek
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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What is needed to make privatizatio
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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Privatization, rents and rent-seeki
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3 Institutional and politicalfailur
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Institutional and political failure
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Table 4.01 IWK: Performance summary
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Table 4.09 IWK: Tariff revisions, 1
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Malaysia’s national sewerage syst
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 107
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 109
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 111
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 113
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Table 5.01 Kuala Lumpur LRT: Financ
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 117
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Table 5.03 Regional urban rail syst
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 121
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 123
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 125
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 127
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 129
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Kuala Lumpur Light Rail Transit 131
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6 Perverse incentivesMalaysia Airli
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Malaysia Airlines 135Both types of
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Malaysia Airlines 137The industry i
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BackgroundMalaysia Airlines 139The
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Malaysia Airlines 141improvements i
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Malaysia Airlines 143Table 6.03 Reg
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Table 6.04 MAS: Leverage ratios and
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Malaysia Airlines 147debt as early
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Malaysia Airlines 149with the Maldi
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Malaysia Airlines 151its fleet to a
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Malaysia Airlines 15312 November 20
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Malaysia Airlines 155state not inte
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Malaysia Airlines 157overall indust
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Proton 159was technology acquisitio
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Proton 161(when Proton’s domestic
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Proton 163Late-comer and specific c
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Proton 165Motor Company (MMC), in M
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- Page 188 and 189: Proton 171be able to develop its ow
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- Page 214 and 215: Notes 197directed primarily at the
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- Page 218 and 219: Notes 20111 This comprised EPF (20
- Page 220 and 221: Notes 203million new ordinary share
- Page 222 and 223: Notes 20515 Proton’s market share
- Page 224 and 225: References 207Aziz Zariza Ahmad (19
- Page 226 and 227: References 209Chee P.L. and Fong C.
- Page 228 and 229: References 211Felker, G. (1993) ‘
- Page 230 and 231: References 213—— (2002) World A
- Page 232 and 233: References 215Mustapa Mohamed on Ec
- Page 236 and 237: References 219Payson, W. and Steckl
- Page 238 and 239: References 221—— (2002) (SMRT)
- Page 240: Newspapers, magazines, websites and
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- Page 251: 234 Indextechnology: acquisition an