Thesis - Instituto de Telecomunicações

2.6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 33alone and the attention has been focused in finding new traits. This approach produces amixture of already studied physical traits with the introduction of new behavioral traits.As concerns with security are higher, the proposed solutions follow a path to check the useridentity regularly, with the introduction of continuous and multimodal biometric systems.Given our society’s recent history, biometrics have an increasing interest and its usagehas been extensively applied and intensified at several country’s border control. Scientificresearch has accompanied this public interest and necessity, providing additional researchefforts. Some of the problems started to appear after the commercial adoption of somebiometric systems.Anil Jain has addressed the future of biometrics, expressing the challenges in the field[118] listing them as accuracy, scale, security and privacy. The questions regarding publicacceptance and social issues, such as invasiveness and temporal degradation of some of thebiometric traits, have been regularly discussed [20].Privacy is a concern that has been addressed by the biometric community given thatseveral countries have privacy legislation that has to be taken into account in the design of abiometric system. In a report from the International Biometric Industry Association (IBIA),these issues are discussed in order to understand what kind of biometric system can beimplemented in the US considering the other country’s legislation [169]. A European projectis specifically devoted to the study of ethical issues in biometric technologies [19], whereissues related to human dignity, the invasive effects of some technology and accessibilityin biometrics, have been discussed. The public view concerning the implementation ofidentification technology has been much discussed within some groups, expressing strongconcerns on recent identity related governmental measures [100].Behavioral characteristics can disclose more private information about the person thanphysical characteristics. The information that is typed by a user contains private informationthat a system monitoring the user for biometric purposes can record and, if wronglyused, wrongly reveal. As an example, it can keep the record of when and what the personis writing.To summarize some of the results on the systems, in the class of behavioral biometrics,we present table 2.2 where we compare some of the behavioral biometric techniques withthe core advantages and disadvantages previously stated [205].