42 SAqTHAR 13a particularly mean and petty bourgeoisie. Ruaidhrf Roberts claimed that she was 'one of the mostsignificant trade union leaders of the period'.Notes, I,I wish to thank the following people for their help and encouragement: John Swift, the late Ruaidhrf Roberts,Eleanor Butler Wicklow, Nellie McCarthy, Mairead and Paddy Flanagan, Sheila Conroy, Andree SheehySkeffmgton, John Manning, John de Courcy Ireland, the late Mai Clifford, and Padraigfn Ni Mhurchu. The IWWUsources are located in the IWWU Archives. Any errors and omissions remain my own.1. R.M. Fox, Louie Bennett - Her Life and Times, (Dublin, 1957); Missing Pieces. Women in Irish History,(Dublin, 1983); Henry Boylan, A Dictionary of Irish Biography ,(Dublin, 1978); JenniferS. Uglow, ed., TheMacMillanDictionaryofWomen's Biography, (Londori, 1982); 'Obituary,' ITUCAnnual Report, 1957, pp.28-29; 'Obituary,' IWWU Annual Report, 1956.2. 'Interview with Louie Bennett', Peoples, 20 October, 1948. The Proving of Priscilla, (London, 1902) and APrisoner of H is Word, (Dublin, 1908). An unpublished essay, 'Fiction as a Factor in the Women's Movement'argued that 'novelists helped to advance women's rights by instilling in them a sense oftheir own importance',Pat Feeley, 'Louie Bennett: Socialist, Feminist, Trade Unionist', Dun Laoghaire Tribune, no. 2, (nd).3. Federation founded 21 August, 1911 in the Shelbourne Hotel, Dublin. Little is written on the life of HelenChenevix, who was born in Dublin and died in 1963; she was a life long suffragist, trade unionist and pacifist- in her later·years being a strong advocate of nuclear disarmament. A Quaker by birth, she was guided by astrong inner religion, though often called herself a socialist. A close companion of Bennett, she worked toooften under her shadow in theIWSF, IWWU, and LP. Chenevix became the third woman presidentoftheICTUin 1951.4. Rosemary Cullen Owens, Smashing Times: A History of the Irish Women's Suffrage Movement. 1889-1922, (Dublin, 1984) pp. 42-3.5. Irish Citizen, 27 September, 1913; 13 October, 1913.6. Leah Levenson and Jerry H. Natterstad, Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington: Irish Feminist, (Syracuse, 1986), p. 155.See Sheehy-Skeffington Papers, National Library, Dublin (henceforth cited as SS Papers): Ms 22,687i and22,695iv; also Fox, op.cit., pp. 88-89. The fifth WILPF conference was held in Dublin between 8-15 July,1926. 150 representatives from 20 countries came. Bennett presided over the conference. Jane Addams wasPresident at that time.7. The Union for Democratic Control published 21 pamphlets on World War I between 1914 and 1918 by interalia, Bertrand Russell, J. Ramsay MacDonald and J.A. Hobson.8. Bennett led the IWWU members to City Hall to sign' A Solemn Pledge for the Women of Ireland Inauguratedon St. Colmcille's Day' against conscription, 1918. See Fox, op,cit., pp. 74-75. Also see 'Interview' op.cit.;Louie Bennett, 'Memories of Civil War', Peoples, 30 October, 1948.9. Owens,op.cd., p.77.10. Irish Citizen, 7 February, 1914.11. Regarding the conflict with Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, see correspondence of Bennett in SS Papers: 5 March,1920 (Ms ,24,110),1 July, 1920 (Ms 22,692i), 27 July, 1920 (Ms 22, 692iii), 30 July, 1920 (Ms 24,112). Cf.- the explanation offered by Margaret Ward for the closing d9wn of the Irish Citizen in 'Suffrage first - aboveall else': an account of the Irish suffrage movement', Feminist Review, vol. 10, 1982.12. Irish Citizen, 6 December, 1913; also see undated letter to Francis Sheehy-Skeffington from Bennett (Ms21,633) and letter of 29 October, 1913 (Ms 22,664) in SS Papers;13. See Mary Cullen, 'How radical was Irish feminism between 1860 and 19207' in Patrick J. Corish, ed., Radicals,Rebels and Establishments, (Belfast, 1985), pp. 185-201; Beth McKillen, 'Irish feminism and nationalistseparation, 1914-1923', Eire-Ireland, vol. 7, no. 3,1982, pp. 52-67; vol. 17, no.4, 1982, pp. 72-90; CharlotteH. Fallon, Soul on Fire: A Biography ofMary MacSwiney, (Dublin, 1986) especially chapter 1; Owens,Smashing Times, .14. Owens, op.cit., p.51.15. ibid., p.46.16. Fox, op.cd., p.47.17. ibid., p.53.18. J. Anthony Gaughan, Thomas Johnson, (Dublin, 1980) p. 207. See also Bennett to Thomas Johnson, 8December, 1916 (Ms 17,237) in Johnson Papers in National Library, Dublin. See also Fox, op.cit., pp. 106-
LODIE BENNETT 43109; IWWU resolution sent to British TUC affirming opposition to British rule and calling for theestablishment of an independent government in Ireland, see Fox, op.cit.. pp. 80-81; as secretary of theWomen's International League, she signed the 'Appeal to Women's Association in Other Countries on Behalfof Irish Political Prisoners' which asked for neutrals to visit prisons: Kathleen Napoli McKenna Papers,National Library, Dublin: Ms 22,601.19. Bennett, Proposal/or Labour Policy to Promote a Re-united Ireland. January, 1955.20. See 'Manifesto from the Convention of Irish Women Workers', 15 October, 1922, in Fox, op.cit .• pp. 79-80and also p. 49.21. Fox, op.cit .• p.50-51.22. Bennett to Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, 1 October, 1914 (SS Papers: Ms 22,667i).23. Owens. op.cit.. p. 64.24. ibid .• p.43.25. Irish Citizen. 8 November, 1913.26. Irish Citizen. 22 May, 1915.27. Bennett to Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, 3 September, 1916 in SS Papers: Ms 22,279v.28. Bennett to Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington, 12 May, 1915 in SS Papers: Ms 22,675.29. Irish Citizen. 22 May, 1915; see Levenson and Natterstad, op.cit .. p. 59.30. Bennett, 'Ireland and a People's Peace', 27 February, 1918 - a paper read to ajointmeeting of the Women'sInternational League and the Irish section of the Union for Democratic Control, and published as a pamphletlater.31. ITUC, Annual Report. 1918, p. 59.32. Louie Bennett, 'Europe's Enfant Terrible', The Irish Statesman. 7 April 1928; also Louie Bennett. 'Out ofa Rag Bag', Pax International, June, 1927. Pax International was the journal of the Women's InternationalLeague.33. Louie Bennett, 'Internationalism', Irish Citizen. 10 April, 1915.34. Louie Bennett, 'What is Woman's Work?' Irish Citizen. 11 December, 1915.35. Fox,op.cit .. pp. 67-68. See account of her first attendance at anITUC conference in 1916 in Gaughan, op.cit .•p.74.36. HelenaMolony was born in Dublin 1884 and died 28 January, 1967. Molony was an Abbey actress, militantnationalist, officer of the IWWU, and president of the ITUC, 1937. Became editor of Maud Gonne 's Bean nahEireann in 1908 and helped Constance Markievicz to found N a Fianna in 1909. She joined the Citizen Armyand was imprisoned for her part in the attack on Dublin Castle in 1916. She took the Republican side after theTreaty.37. See also Fox, op.cit .• pp. 49,65.38. Louie Bennett, 'Women and Trades Unionism', Irish Citizen. January, 1918.39. Irish Citizen. August, 1917.40. Louie Bennett, 'Is an Irish Women Workers' Union needed?', Irish Citizen. November, 1919.41. See Owens, op.cit .• p. 81; Dermot Keogh, The Rise o/the Irish Working Class. (Dublin, 1982), pp. 63-86.42. Irish Citizen. January 1920; Louie Bennett, 'Women and the Labour Movement', in James Con'nollyCommerationSouvenir, (Dublin Trades Union and LabourCouncil, 11 May 1930). See also Rosemary Owens,, 'Votes for Ladies, Votes for Women': Organised Labour and the Suffrage Movement, 1876-1922', Saothar9, 1983. pp. 37-38.43. IWwU, Annual Report. 1936-37, and 1945.44. See also IWWU response to Commission Report. 1936; Charles McCarthy, Trade Unions in Ireland. 1894-1960, (Dublin, 1977). pp. 150ff. .45. IWWU, Annual Report. 1945.46. Louie Bennett, 'Is an Irish Women Workers' Union needed?'.47. ITUC. Annual Report. 1932, p. 23.48. Cf. Mary E. Daly, 'Women in the Irish Workforce from Pre-industrial to Modern Times', Saothar 7, 1981,pp. 78-9.49. ITUC. Annual Report. 1935, p. 144.50. ITUC, Annual Report. 1941, p. 52; IWWU, Annual Report. 1936-37.51. ITUC, Annual Report. 1942, pp. 14344; see also Mary E. Daly, 'Women, Work and Trade Unionism', inMargaret MacCurtain and Donncha 6 Comiin, eds., Women in Irish Society: The Historical Dimension.(Dublin. 1978). pp. 76-7.52. ibid .• also see ITUC,Annual Report. 1947. p. 74.53 .. See also Mary E. Daly, 'Women. Work and Trade Unionism', op.cit .. pp. 75; cf. debate on night work, ITUC,
- Page 1 and 2: JOURNAL OF THE IRISH LABOUR HISTORY
- Page 3 and 4: ContentsPageEditorial: Labour Histo
- Page 5 and 6: EDITORIAL 3freedom to participate i
- Page 7 and 8: CorrespondenceThe Irish Labour Part
- Page 9 and 10: ; ~ ; ,The Decline and Fall of Donn
- Page 11 and 12: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBROOK
- Page 13 and 14: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBROOK
- Page 15 and 16: ·' THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBR
- Page 17 and 18: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBROOK
- Page 19 and 20: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBROOK
- Page 21 and 22: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBROOK
- Page 23 and 24: THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DONNYBROOK
- Page 25 and 26: ,'-,;-''''.A PASSAGE TO BRITAIN 23C
- Page 27 and 28: A PASSAGE TO BRITAIN 25only in the
- Page 29 and 30: A PASSAGE TO BRITAIN 27clothing._De
- Page 31 and 32: A PASSAGE TO BRITAIN 29established
- Page 33 and 34: ;:-.",.- .. .", ...... '.:. '
- Page 35 and 36: LOUIE BENNETI 33feminist movement w
- Page 37 and 38: :... ~: ."
- Page 39 and 40: -.- '.LOUlE BENNETT 37While there i
- Page 41 and 42: LOUIE ~ENNEIT 39Xl's encyclical Qua
- Page 43: LOUIE BENNEIT 41Bennett's own relat
- Page 47 and 48: Essays in ReviewCosherers, Wanderer
- Page 49 and 50: ••• .".'. >. '~"ESSA YS IN RE
- Page 51 and 52: ESSAYS IN REVIEW 49ConnolIy:Myth an
- Page 53 and 54: ESSAYS IN ~EVIEW 51tion' in the Int
- Page 55 and 56: ESSAYS IN REVIEW53International:'I
- Page 57 and 58: REVIEWScontroversy is real history.
- Page 59 and 60: REVIEWSJoe Monks was among the earl
- Page 61 and 62: REVIEWSnolly-Column Song','Proudly
- Page 63 and 64: REVIEWSresulting from the arrival o
- Page 65 and 66: REVIEWS,63the book by means of an a
- Page 67 and 68: REVIEWSlogue, it is hardly surprisi
- Page 69 and 70: The Team For All Workers ...CULIAIB
- Page 71 and 72: ESSAYS 69mission and moral refonn.l
- Page 73 and 74: .. ...... ~.~ -~ .'- '.ESSAYS. 71fr
- Page 75 and 76: ESSAYS 73claimed authority but whic
- Page 77 and 78: ESSAYS 75provided the basis for soc
- Page 79 and 80: ESSAYS 779. For comparisons see E.T
- Page 81 and 82: ESSAYS 7952. Annals of Christ Churc
- Page 83 and 84: ESSAYS' 81Fianna Fail and the Worki
- Page 85 and 86: ESSAYS 83Eireann in 1925 visibly di
- Page 87 and 88: ESSAYS 85recognition of the impract
- Page 89 and 90: ESSAYS 871970, it created the condi
- Page 91 and 92: ESSAYS89The Irish Immigrants' Contr
- Page 93 and 94: ESSAYS" 91Although anti -Catholic p
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ESSAYS 93McCowie played a key role
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:. -,,'.' ',. .~.,:.ESSAYS 95Althou
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ESSAYS 97young girl of their own ba
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SourcesIrish Labour History Society
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SOURCES 101INovember, 1971 to no. 1
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SOURCES 103would claim credit for t
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SOURCES105Sources for Irish Labour
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SOURCES 107NorthWest Archives and L
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SOURCES 109In 1966 the Finnish gove
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TURNINGANEWLEAFThe CPSSUis the larg
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REMINISCENCE 113us due to my politi
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REMINISCENCE 115when Jim was presen
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REMINISCENCE 117of Dail Eireann. 17
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REMINISCENCE 119NotesThe above arti
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DOCUMENT STUDY 121James Connolly in
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DOCUMENT STUDY123SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC
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DOCUMENT STUDY 125proletariat of th
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DOCUMENT STUDY 127the support of Je
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DOCUMENT STUDY 12926. The Workers'
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131BibliographyA Bibliography of Ir
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 133Compton, P.A. Demog
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 135Levine, I. and Madd
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 137Turner, M. 'Towards
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1394. Land and Agricul
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 141Clogher Record12 (2
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 143Political Research
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 145Pres, 1987.O'Brien,
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147Notes on Contributorsf onathanBe
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1901: Ireland's first general union
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ELECTRICAL TRADES UNION .Establishe