JOURNAL OF THE IRISH LABOUR HISTORY SOCIETY

ESSAYS 7952. Annals of Christ Church, Belfast, (PRONT, T2159), pp. 87-93.53. 'One minister declared that the railway was sending souls to the Devil atthe rate of 6d ahead', Ionathan Bardon,Belfast, An Illustrated History, (Belfast, 1982), p. 89.54. Hugh McLeod comments on the changing usages of the term 'respectability', which by mid-century denotedmoral worth, regardless of position, and was thus a status to which all could aspire; . Class and Religion in theLate Victorian City, (London, 1974), p. 13 .. ,55. R.H. Tawney, in the introduction to Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (London,1930). .' ,56. McLeod, Religion and thePeople of Western Europe, p.32; Gail Malmgreen, 'Domestic Discords: Womenand the Family in East Cheshire Methodism, 1750-1830' in Jim Obelkevich, Lyndal Roper, Raphael Samuel(ed.), Disciplines of Faith: Studies in Religion, Politics and Patriarchy', (London, 1987), pp. 55-70.57. Annals of Christ Church, Belfast; Rev. James Motgan, RecolleciiOnsof My Life and Times, (Belfast, 1874);Mathew Lanktree, Biographical Narrative, (Belfast, 1836), p. 274.58. Stephen Kerr, 'The Church ofIreland in Belfast, 1800-1870', University of Edinburgh PhD thesis (1978); Iam grateful to Dr. Alvin Jackson for letting me see his paper, in advance of publication, on 'Unionist politicsand Protestant society in Edwardian Ireland', in which the importance of voluntary societies is stressed.59. D.J. Owen, History of Belfast, (Belfast, 1921); PRONT, Belfast: Problems of a Growing City, (Belfast, 1973);Bardon, Belfast.60. W.H. Crawford, 'Economy and society in Eighteenth Century Ulster', Queen's University, Belfast PhD thesis(1982), p. 48; Clogher Record, Volume 3.61. I. Budge and C. O'Leary, Belfast: Approach to Crisis, (London, 1973).62. The major source of information for the Belfast City Mission is Sibbett, For Christ and Crown.63. Annals of Christ Church, Belfast, pp. 10-11; T. Drew, 'The Church in Belfast' ,quotedin W.B. Mant,BishopMant and hisDiocese, (Dublin, 1857); Rev. J. McConneIl, Presbyterianism in Belfast, (Belfast, 1912); Forthe zealous efforts of the clergy to increase provision in this period see Fourth and Final Report of the Downand Connor Church Accommodation Society, 19 January 1843, (Belfast, 1843). The Rev. 0 'Hanlon in 1853suggested the churches did not 'touch the very lowest elements of Belfast society', Walks Among the Poor ofBelfast and Suggestions for their 1mprovement, (Belfast, 1853), p. 3.64. Sibbett, For Christ and Crown; see also Hibernian Sunday School Society Reports, 1811, 1813,1817,1822,1823, for comments on inappropriate clothing and the attitude of parents.65. Morgan, Recollections of My Life and Times, p. 69.66. Extracts from missionary journals are quoted in Sibbett, For Christ and Crown.67. For parallels in English cities see Hugh McLeod, Class and Religion in the Late Victorian City; Jeffrey Cox,The English Churches in a Secular Society: Lambeth 1870-1930, (Oxford,1982), pp. 90-128; S. Yeo, Religionand Voluntary Organisations in Crisis, (London, 1976), pp. 117-62; John Kent, 'Feelings and Festivals' inH.J. DyosandM. Wolff(ed.). The Victorian City, Vol. 2, (London, 1973),pp. 855-71; E.R. Wickham, Churchand People in an 1ndustrial City, (London, 1964).68. Malmgreen, 'Domestic Discords'; Harrison, 'Religion andRecreation'.69. David Miller, 'The Armagh Troubles' in Sam Clark and I.S. DonneIly, Irish Peasants: Violence and PoliticalUnrest, 1780-1914, (Manchester, 1983), pp. 155-91; David Hempton, 'Methodism in Irish Society: 1770-1830', in TransactionsoftheRbyalHistoricalSociety, 5th series, Vol. 26, (1986). pp. 117-42; Bardon,Belfast,pp. 107-9.70. For a typical example of this perception see Irish Intelligence: The Progress of the Irish Society of London ,Vol. I, (London, 1848), pp. 92-5; see also Sean ConnoIly, 'Religion, Work-Discipline and EconomicAttitudes: the Case of Ireland', in T.M. Devine and DavidDickson, (ed.), Ireland and Scotland,1600-1850,(Glasgow, 1983), pp. 235-60.71. A Lecture on tfie Connection between Religion and Industry delivered in the Music Hall, Belfast on Tuesdayevening, 2 December 1851 to Members of the Working Classes Association, by the president of the Queen'sCollege, Belfast, (Belfast, 1852); Thomas Drew, 'The Rich and.the Poor' in The Irish PUlpit. A Collectionof Original Sermons by the Clergymen of the Established Church, (Dublin, 1839), pp. 251-69.72. AndrewBoyd, The Rise of the Irish Trade Unions, (Dublin, 1985),pp.13-14; The Ordnance survey memoirsfor Whitehouse make the same point.73. Paddy Devlin, Yes, We Have No Bananas: Outdoor Relief in Belfast, 1920-39, (Belfast, 1981), p. 27.74. Henry Patterson, 'Industrial Labour and the Labour Movement, 1820-1914', in Liam Kennedy and PhilipOIIerenshaw (eds.), An Economic History of Ulster, 1820-1939, (Manchester, 1985), pp. 158-73, p. 176,ConnoIly, 'Religion. Work-Discipline and Economic Attitudes', p. 243.75. Ronnie Munck, 'The Formation of the Working Class in Belfast, 1788-1881', Saothar 11, (1986), pp. 75-89.