JOURNAL OF THE IRISH LABOUR HISTORY SOCIETY

78 SAOTHAR13(Dublin, 1812).28. Letter from Belfast Sunday School SocietY, 26 May, 1811, Hibemii::zn. Surulay School Report. 1812. (Dublin,1812).29. T.W. Laqueur, Religion arul Respectability: Sunday Schools. and Working Class Culture. (London. 1976);Hugh McLeod, Religion arul the Working Class in Nineteenth Century Britain .. 30. W.R. Ward, Religion and Society in Englarul. 1790-1850. (London, 1972), p. 13; David Hempton, Methodismarul Politics in British Society. 1750-1850. (London, 1984), pp. 86-92.31. R.M. Sibbett, For Christ arul Crown: The Story of a Mission. (Belfast, 1926), p. 35.32. P.T.Winskill, The Temperance Movement arul its Workers: A Record of Social. Moral. Religious arulPoliticalProgress. (London, 1892), p. 50; Report of the committee of the Ulster Temperance Society. 1838. (Belfast,1838).33. Address afthe ULSter Temperance Society. 1833. (Belfast, 1833).34. Address of the Ulster Temperance Society. 1829. (Belfast, 1829); W.D. Killen, Memoir of John Edgar.(Belfast, 1867), p. 94.35. See the correspondence between Lord Downshire and Father M athew , (PRONI), D671/C/l2/131, D671/C/I2/831, and Downshire to Dr. John Shaw, D671/C/12j821; J.G. Kohl, Travels in Irelarul. (London, 1844), pp.93-113.36. W.D. Killen, Reminiscences of a Long Life. (London, 1901), p. 188.37. C.E. Crookshanks, History of Method ism. 3 Volumes, (London, 1885-1888), Vo!. m, p. 134; Killen, Memoirof John Edgar. p.36.38. 'In Belfast twenty-seven firms in the provision trade, with Messrs. John and Thomas Sinclair at their head, andtwenty millowners and manufacturers, proclaimed their determination, in a published resolution, 'to furnishtheir workmen with no spirituous liquor as refreshment, but to substitute, when necessary, some wholesomebeverage',' Killen, Memoir of John Edgar. p. 63.39. C.G. Duffy, My Life in Two Hemispheres. 2 Volumes, (Dublin, 1969), Vo!. I, p. 54; J.G. Kohl, Travels inIreland. (London, 1844), pp. 93-113; Feudal Slavery Broken arul1relarul Freed by Temperance. (Belfast,1840); Colm Kerrigan 'The Social Impact of the Temperance Movement, 1839-1845', in Irish Economic arulSocial History. Vo!. XIV, (1987), pp. 20-38; Elizabeth Malcolm, Irelarul Sober. Irelarul Free; Drink arulTemperance in Nineteenth Century Irelarul. (Dublin, 1986).40. Despite early optimism that the temperance crusade would unite Catholics and Protestants, two separatemovements emerged in Ireland; see Rev. P. Rogers, Father Theobald Mathew: Apostle of Temperance.(Dublin, 1943); and for a wider discussion of nineteenth century temperance see Brian Harrison, Drink arulthe Victorians. (London, 1971).41. BaptistNoel, Notes ofa Short Tour Through the MiddleCountiesofIrelarul in the Summer of 1836. with Noteson the Peasantry. (London, 1837), p. 78.42. C.E. Tonna,LettersfromIreland. (London, 1837), p. 28; H.D. Inglis,AJourney Through IrelarulDuring theSpring. Summer arulAutumnof 1834. (London, 1837), notes that legal whiskey was becoming as cheap as illicitbecause of the reduction on Irish spirits, therefore the illegal trade was greatly reduced, pp. 109-10; See aisothe ordnance survey memoirs (PRONI, Mic. 6) for numerous reports on reductions in illicit distillation andin alcoholic consumption itself.43. Ordnance survey memoirs for the parishes of Layd, Cushendall, Mallusk. Ardclinis, Ballyclugg, Derrykeighan,Culfreightrin provide examples.44. J. Binns, The Miseries arul Beauties of Irelarul. 2 Volumes. (London, 1837). p. 82.45. For a vivid description of a procession by a local temperance band, see Sibbett, For Christ and Crown. p. 37.46. For a discussion of this aspect of religious history, see Brian Harrison, 'Religion and Recreation in NineteenthCentury England', in Past arul Present. no. 38, (1967) pp. 98-125.47. J.R.R. Adams, The Printed Word arul the Common Man: Popular Culture in Ulster. 1700-1900. (Belfast,1987), pp. 48-9. .48. These are taken from the collection of tracts of the Belfast Religious Tract Society belonging to the LinenhallLibrary, Belfast.49. Adams, The Printed Word. pp. 133-5.50. For a discussion of the definition of popular religion and its relation to official Christianity, see J. Obelkevich,Religion arul Rural Society: South Lirulsey. 1825-1875. (Oxford, 1976), p. 261, and John Rule, 'Methodism,Popular Beliefs and Village Culture'; for the Roman Catholic parallel seeSean Connolly, Priests arul peoplein Pre-Famine Irelarul.1780-1845. (London. 1982).51. John Gray, 'Popular Entertainment' inJ.C. Beckett(ed.), Belfast: the Making of the City. 1800-1914. (Belfast,1983), pp. 98-111; Ordnance survey memoirs, PRONI, Mic 6/13, p. 157.