JOURNAL OF THE IRISH LABOUR HISTORY SOCIETY

ESSAYS 97young girl of their own band who had been seduced by a farmer's son'. T.C. Smout, 'Aspects of SexualBehaviour in Nineteenth Century Scotland', in A. Allan MacLaren (ed.), Social Class in Scotland: Past andPresent, (Edinburgh, 1975), p. 73.5. T.C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People, (London, 1987), p. 258.6. lan S. Wood, 'Irish Nationalism and Radical Politics in Scotland, 1880-1906' ,Journal of the Scottish LabourHistory Scoiety, No. 9, 1975, P. 21.7. Labour Standard, 13 August, 1881. James D. Young, 'Working Class and Radical Movement in Scotland andthe Revolt from Liberalism, 1866-1900', PhD thesis, University of Stirling, 1974,passim.8. The Exile, 16 May, 1885.9, Smout, op.cit., p. 238. .10. Eric J. Hobsbawm, 'Working Classes and Nations', Saothiir 8,1982, pp. 75-85.11. In the early 1880s William Small and Catholic priests founded the Scottish Anti-Royalty and Labour Leaguein Hamilton. 'In the coalfields of the East of Scotland, where there were few Roman Catholic miners of Irishorigin, socialism was halted for a few more years. But in the coalfields of the West of Scotland, where a numberof Roman Catholic miners were active in the branches of the Irish National League, socialism spread likewildfIre'. James D. Young, 'Changing Images of American Democracy and the Scottish Labour Movement,1866-1900' International Review of Social History, Vol. XVII/, Part I, 1973, p. 82.12. S. V. Bracher, The Herald Book of Labour Members, (London, 1923), p. 179.13. Interview with Tom Murray, veteran Communist Party organiser in Edinburgh, 3 April, 1980 and interviewwith Bobby Baird, veteran member of the Independent Labour Party in Falkirk, 4 December, 1987.14. For example, see R. Archer's commentary on the writings of Franz Mehring: 'Here, especially in the extractsfrom the Lessing Legend, he shows that the way individuals see themselves is itself part of their social being'.Dr. Archer, 'Foreward', Franz Mehring, Absolutism and Revolution in Germany, 1525-1848, (London, 1975),p. xiii. .15. A Traveller Underground,OurCoal and Coal-Pits, the People in Them and theScenesAroundThem, (London,1956), p. 224.16: lan S. Wood, op.cit., pp. 21-38.17. H.W. Lee and E. Archbold, Social-Democracy in Britain, (London, 1935), p. 144.18. James Handley, The Irish in Modern Scotland, (Cork, 1947), p. 320.19. Robert Srnillie, My Life for Labour, (London, 1924), pp. 15-22.20. Glasgow Sentinel, 21 July, 1877.21. William Stewart,l. Keir Hardie, (London, 1921), p. 11.22. Wood, op.cit., p. 21.23. Letter from the Right Rev. Monsignor David Roberts in response to information that I sought about John L.Mahon's place of baptism, dated 24 May, 1969. There is also considerable information on Mahon in theSocialist League Archives, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. See also E. P. Thompson,William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary, (London, 1955), passim.24. When I interviewed Bob Selkirk, the veteran Scottish communist on 3 April, 1971, he told me that FredDouglas, a foundation member of the Communist Party in Edinburgh, was the son of lrish-Catholicimmigrants .25. Bill Knox (ed.), 'Hugh Murin', Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Labour Leaders, (Edinburgh, 1983).'Born in Glasgow, 1860, ofIrish parents. At 11 (PeteCurran) commenced work in blacksmith's shop. JoinedIrish Land League in Glasgow, 1880; afterwards Scottish Land Restoration League founded by HenryGeorge'. Labour Annual (London, 1896).26. James D. Young, 'The Rise of Scottish Socialism', in Gordon Brown (ed.), The Red Paper on Scotland,(Edinburgh, 1975).27. 'William Small', Glasgow Herald, 24 January, 1903.28. Fred Reid, Keir Hardie: The Making of a Socialist, (London, 1978), p. 95.29. 'John Murdoch', The Scotsman, 2 February, 1903; James D. Young, 'John Murdoch: Scottish Land andLabour Pioneer', Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Labour History, No. 19, 1969; 'Death of JohnMurdoch', Glasgow Weekly Herald, 7 February, 1903.30. Bella Smalls' Papers on her father, WiIliam Small, and her annotation on page 21 of Lowe's Souvenirs ofScottish Labour and on The Independent Labour Party, 1893-1943: Jubilee Souvenir; manuscript memoirby William Small; and manuscript memoirs by his daughter and Andrew McCowie. William Small Papers,National Library of Scotland, Ms. Ace. 3359.31. 'J. Shaw Maxwell was born about 1855 near Salkrnarket of Glasgow; a lithographic designer by trade; hemarried at 21; wa.s secretary of the Glasgow Socialist Society, joined Irish Land League about 1880'. Labour