Ecology and Management of Avian Botulism on the Canadian Prairies

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1264SUMMARY OF ALBERTA BOTULISM OUTBREAKS 1980-2001YEAR # LAKES LOCATION # collected/seen1980 5 Beaverhill 3003Buffalo 1990Rush
1275Literature reporting waterfowl mortality in AlbertaAnonymous. 1992. Waterfowl Disease Contingency Plan for Alberta. 22pp.Arbuckle, R.G., M. Heckbert, <strong>and</strong> M.J. Pybus. 1999. Waterfowl Disease at Kimiwan <strong>and</strong> WinagamiLakes, 1998. Int. Rpt. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Gr<strong>and</strong>e Prairie <strong>and</strong> Alberta NRS - Fish <strong>and</strong>Wildlife, High Prairie <strong>and</strong> Edmonton. 25pp.Armstrong, G. 1966. <strong>Botulism</strong> outbreak at 12 Mile Creek, Alberta. Int. Rpt.W-1-66. Alberta Fish& Wildlife. 6pp.Barr, M.T. 2000. Beaverhill Lake 1999 botulism summary. Int. Rpt. Ducks Unlimited Canada,Camrose. 2pp.-----, <strong>and</strong> M.J. Pybus. 1999. <strong>Avian</strong> botulism at Beaverhill Lake (1998). Int. Rpt. Ducks UnlimitedCanada, Camrose <strong>and</strong> Alberta NRS - Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife, Edmonton. 12pp.Bjorge, R. 1986. Bird kill at Miquelon Lake. Int. Memo, August 14, 1986. Alberta Fish & Wildlife.1p.Calverley, B. 1980. Alberta botulism report - 1980. Int. Rpt. Ducks Unlimited. 16pp.-----. 1981. Alberta botulism summary - 1981. Int. Rpt. Ducks Unlimited.33pp.-----. 1985. Alberta <strong>Botulism</strong> summary - 1984. Int. Rpt. Ducks Unlimited. 6pp.-----. 1990. <strong>Botulism</strong> cleanup - 1990. Int. Memo. Ducks Unlimited. 1pp.Clark, J. 1981. <strong>Botulism</strong> at Kings Lake <strong>and</strong> Hay Lakes. Int. Memo, September 15, 1981.AlbertaFish & Wildlife.Cole, D. 1976. <strong>Botulism</strong> on Beaverhill <strong>and</strong> Whitford Lakes. Int. Memo, August 23, 1976. AlbertaFish & Wildlife. 1p.Dube, L.A. 1991. <strong>Botulism</strong> (Clostridium botulinum) on Grantham <strong>and</strong> San Francisco Lakes,Southern Region, 1990. Int. Rpt. Alberta Fish & Wildlife. 22pp.Ducks Unlimited Rpt. 1939. Duck Disease Outbreaks in Western Canada.Duthie, R.C., Oct 18, 1933: general rpt.Duthie, R.C., Vet. Surgeon, general rpt., Oct. 6, 1934.Hanson, J.A. 1975. Probable botulism Type C at Beaverhills Lake. Alberta Agriculture, Lab. Rpt.P75-2063. 1p.Heckbert. M.D., <strong>and</strong> M.J. Pybus. 1999. Waterfowl disease at Utikuma Lake, 1998. Int. Rpt. AlbertaNRS - Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife, High Prairie <strong>and</strong> Edmonton. 27pp.H<strong>of</strong>fman, D.E. 1983. <strong>Botulism</strong> problem (update). Int. Memo, [no date].Alberta Fish & Wildlife.Howell, J. 1979. Probable botulism at Buffalo Lake.Lab. Rpt. P79-2446-2452. AlbertaAgriculture, Veterinary Services Division. 1p.Kalmbach, E.R. 1934. Western duck sickness: a form <strong>of</strong> botulism. US Dept. Agric., Tech. Bull.411. 81 pp.Lungle, K. 1989. Waterfowl disease report - 1989. Alberta Fish & Wildlife Memo. 2pp,McLeod,J.A., <strong>and</strong> G.F. Bondar. 1952. A case <strong>of</strong> suspected algal poisoning in Manitoba. Can. J.Publ. Hlth 43: 347-350.Moore, D.A. 2000. Disease monitoring <strong>and</strong> cleanup at Whitford Lake, 1999. Int. Rpt. Alberta NRS- Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife, Vermilion. 16pp.-----, <strong>and</strong> M.J. Pybus. 1999. Disease monitoring <strong>and</strong> cleanup at Whitford Lake, 1998. Int. Rpt.Alberta NRS - Fish <strong>and</strong> Wildlife, Vermilion <strong>and</strong> Edmonton. 16pp.
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Ecology an
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iiThe model of bot
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ivTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMAR
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2Research from the 1970s supported
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4(Coburn and Quort
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6could potentially serve as substra
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8additional lakes and</stro
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10challenge because management assu
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12Rocke TE, Bollinger TK. 2007. <st
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14Table 1. Names and</stron
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16PART IEFFICACY OF CARCASS CLEAN-U
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18Our objectives were to determine:
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20marked carcasses potentially avai
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22Intensive search studyOn 18 Augus
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24if extrapolated to Whitewater Lak
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26Table 1. Characteristics
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28Table 3. Number of</stron
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30Table 5. Estimates of</st
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Figure 2. Map of W
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Figure 4. Variation of</str
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36PART IISURVIVAL OF RADIO-MARKED M
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38two lakes were subjected to carca
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40NecropsiesDead birds were include
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42were right censored. One hundred
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44design, possibly with a treatment
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46Rocke TE, Bollinger TK. 2007. <st
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48Table 2. Models used to assess ef
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50Table 4. Models used to evaluate
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52INTRODUCTIONMaggot-laden carcasse
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54among categories after creating a
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56LITERATURE CITEDBurnham KP, Ander
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58Table 2. Candida
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60PART IVLATE-SUMMER SURVIVAL OF MA
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62In each year of
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64Recovery rate comparisons - 1999D
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66between the present study <strong
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68Table 1. Number of</stron
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70Table 3. Logistic analyses evalua
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72Table 5. Direct recovery rates <s
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741210ControlBotulism</stro
Page 82 and 83: 761614ControlBotulism</stro
Page 84 and 85: 78INTRODUCTIONAvian</strong
Page 86 and 87: 80(GPS) receivers (eTrex Venture, e
Page 88 and 89: 82mortality rate was calculated by
Page 90 and 91: 84samples from FG carcasses collect
Page 92 and 93: 86outbreaks in waterfowl (Table 4;
Page 94 and 95: 88birds and toxic
Page 96 and 97: 90LITERATURE CITEDBall G, Bollinger
Page 98 and 99: 92Williamson JL, Rocke TE, Aiken JM
Page 100 and 101: 94Table 2. Species composition <str
Page 102 and 103: 96Table 4. Estimates of</st
Page 104 and 105: 98iiviiiii1 0 1 2 km1 0 1 21 0 1 21
Page 106 and 107: 100PART VIVARIABILITY OF TYPE C CLO
Page 108 and 109: 102seasonal wetland</strong
Page 110 and 111: 104clinical signs of</stron
Page 112 and 113: 106RESULTSThe proportion of
Page 114 and 115: 108sediments in basins of</
Page 116 and 117: 110Williamson JL, Rocke TE, Aiken J
Page 118 and 119: 112Chaplin, SK botulism 3/5 (60) 1/
Page 120 and 121: 114Table 3. Annual and</str
Page 122 and 123: 116MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT
Page 124 and 125: Recommendation 8:The model
Page 126 and 127: 120APPENDIX 1AVIAN BOTULISM IN ALBE
Page 128 and 129: 122July 15, 2002ISBN: 0-7785-0962-1
Page 130 and 131: 1242BackgroundMunro (1927) provides
Page 134 and 135: 128Moyles, D. 1989. Avian</
Page 136 and 137: 13081) 1980 (Calverley 1980)Appendi
Page 138 and 139: 1321010) 1990 (F&W files)LakeDetect
Page 140 and 141: 134123 probable blue-green algal po
Page 142 and 143: 136APPENDIX 2EXPOSURE OF MALLARD DU
Page 144 and 145: 138Toxin was administered orally us
Page 146: 140LITERATURE CITEDCarmichael WW, B
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Ecology and Management of Avian Botulism on the Canadian Prairies

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