Ecology and Management of Avian Botulism on the Canadian Prairies

761614Control<strong>Botulism</strong>12Percent Recovered1086420ABMalesABFemalesSKMalesSKFemalesMBMalesMBFemalesFigure 3. Direct recovery rates <strong>of</strong> mallards b<strong>and</strong>ed at botulism outbreak sites <strong>and</strong> non-outbreakcontrol sites in each <strong>of</strong> the three Prairie provinces, 2000. Outbreak sites include: Frank Lake,Alberta (AB); Crane Lake, Saskatchewan (SK); Paysen Lake, SK; Kettlehut Lake, SK; <strong>and</strong>Whitewater Lake, Manitoba (MB) (date from the three SK sites were combined for analysis).Control sites for AB, SK, <strong>and</strong> MB were Brooks, Last Mountain Lake, <strong>and</strong> Big Grass Marsh,respectively. The number <strong>of</strong> b<strong>and</strong>ed individuals for each site is given in Table 1.