Ecology and Management of Avian Botulism on the Canadian Prairies

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14Table 1. Names <strong>and</strong> locations <strong>of</strong> lakes where botulism has been reported in Prairie Canada todate. Lake numbers correspond to the numbers in Figure 1.Lake # Location Province* Latitude Longitude1 Axe Lake SK 51.53333 -105.216672 Beaverhill Lake AB 53.41667 -112.500003 Big Grass Marsh MB 50.38194 -98.855284 Big Hay Lake AB 53.17000 -113.200005 Big Lake AB 53.61667 -113.700006 Bigstick Lake SK 50.26666 -109.333337 Bittern Lake AB 53.05000 -113.083338 Buffalo Lake AB 49.61667 -110.583339 Campbell Project, SE Little Quill Lake SK 51.92000 -104.0800010 Cardinal Lake AB 56.14000 -117.4400011 Chaplin Lake SK 50.36670 -106.6000012 Crane Lake SK 50.08000 -109.0800013 Cygnet Lake AB 52.28000 -114.0200014 Delta Marsh MB 50.19861 -98.2047315 Dowd Slough MB 49.53000 -99.2700016 Eyebrow Lake SK 50.93333 -106.1499917 Fincastle Lake AB 49.83333 -111.9833318 Foam Lake SK 51.71667 -103.6166719 Frank Lake AB 50.57000 -113.7200020 Galloway Bay SK 50.83333 -108.0333521 Gambling Lake AB 53.33333 -112.9000022 Grantham AB 50.06667 -112.0000023 Hay Lake AB 58.82560 -118.6685024 Hay Zama Lakes AB 58.75000 -119.0000125 Hay Zama Lakes II AB 53.20000 -113.5000026 Jackfish Marsh SK 53.01370 -108.3193127 Jesmer Marsh, NE Little Quill Lake SK 51.92000 -104.0800028 Jessie Lake AB 54.25380 -110.7377029 Kettlehut Lake SK 50.65000 -106.5000030 Kimiwan AB 55.45000 -116.5500031 Kings Lake AB 54.56667 -114.2000132 Kutawagan Lake SK 51.60000 -104.7333333 Lac La Biche AB 54.77000 -111.9700034 Lake Newell AB 50.43000 -111.9200035 Last Mountain Lake SK 51.08333 -105.2333336 Lidcliffe Marsh MB 50.62917 -101.1333337 Little Fish Lake AB 55.46000 -111.59000
15Lake # Location Province* Latitude Longitude38 Little Quill Lake SK 51.91667 -104.0833339 Many Isl<strong>and</strong> Lake AB 50.13333 -110.0500040 Middle Quill Lake SK 51.92000 -104.2000041 Milligan Creek, E <strong>of</strong> Little Quill SK 51.88000 -103.8700042 Miquelon Lake AB 53.25000 -112.8800043 Mud Lake SK 51.92000 -104.2000044 Murray Lakes AB 49.80000 -110.9300045 Namaka Lake AB 50.93000 -113.2200046 Oak Hammock Marsh MB 50.18750 -97.1250047 Oak/Plum Lakes MB 49.60000 -100.6833248 Old Wives Lake SK 50.10000 -106.0000049 Pakowki Lake AB 49.33333 -110.9166750 Paysen Lake SK 50.68000 -106.7300051 Pel Lake SK 51.55000 -104.7000052 Pelican Lake SK 50.53333 -106.0000053 Proven Lake MB 50.53333 -99.9833354 Rice Lake SK 52.05000 -107.1166755 Rush Lake SK 50.40420 -107.4017056 San Francisco Lake AB 50.58333 -112.1333257 Smoky Lake AB 54.16667 -112.6666758 Stirling Lake AB 49.53000 -112.5800059 Stobart Lake AB 50.92000 -113.1800060 Town <strong>of</strong> Milo AB 50.50050 -112.8838061 Twelve Mile Lake SK 49.48333 -106.2333362 Utikuma Lake AB 55.83333 -115.4166763 Valeport SK 50.75000 -104.8666764 Waterhen Marsh SK 52.83333 -105.0333265 Watt Lake AB 53.70000 -111.9300066 Welstead Lake AB 58.33000 -111.7800067 Whitewater Lake MB 49.25000 -100.3000068 Whitford Lake AB 53.88333 -112.2500069 Winnipeg MB 49.88000 -97.15000* SK = Saskatchewan; AB = Alberta; MB = Manitoba.
Page 1: Ecology an
Page 4 and 5: iiThe model of bot
Page 6 and 7: ivTABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMAR
Page 8 and 9: 2Research from the 1970s supported
Page 10 and 11: 4(Coburn and Quort
Page 12 and 13: 6could potentially serve as substra
Page 14 and 15: 8additional lakes and</stro
Page 16 and 17: 10challenge because management assu
Page 18 and 19: 12Rocke TE, Bollinger TK. 2007. <st
Page 22 and 23: 16PART IEFFICACY OF CARCASS CLEAN-U
Page 24 and 25: 18Our objectives were to determine:
Page 26 and 27: 20marked carcasses potentially avai
Page 28 and 29: 22Intensive search studyOn 18 Augus
Page 30 and 31: 24if extrapolated to Whitewater Lak
Page 32 and 33: 26Table 1. Characteristics
Page 34 and 35: 28Table 3. Number of</stron
Page 36 and 37: 30Table 5. Estimates of</st
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2. Map of W
Page 40 and 41: Figure 4. Variation of</str
Page 42 and 43: 36PART IISURVIVAL OF RADIO-MARKED M
Page 44 and 45: 38two lakes were subjected to carca
Page 46 and 47: 40NecropsiesDead birds were include
Page 48 and 49: 42were right censored. One hundred
Page 50 and 51: 44design, possibly with a treatment
Page 52 and 53: 46Rocke TE, Bollinger TK. 2007. <st
Page 54 and 55: 48Table 2. Models used to assess ef
Page 56 and 57: 50Table 4. Models used to evaluate
Page 58 and 59: 52INTRODUCTIONMaggot-laden carcasse
Page 60 and 61: 54among categories after creating a
Page 62 and 63: 56LITERATURE CITEDBurnham KP, Ander
Page 64 and 65: 58Table 2. Candida
Page 66 and 67: 60PART IVLATE-SUMMER SURVIVAL OF MA
Page 68 and 69: 62In each year of
Page 70 and 71:
64Recovery rate comparisons - 1999D
Page 72 and 73:
66between the present study <strong
Page 74 and 75:
68Table 1. Number of</stron
Page 76 and 77:
70Table 3. Logistic analyses evalua
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72Table 5. Direct recovery rates <s
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741210ControlBotulism</stro
Page 82 and 83:
761614ControlBotulism</stro
Page 84 and 85:
78INTRODUCTIONAvian</strong
Page 86 and 87:
80(GPS) receivers (eTrex Venture, e
Page 88 and 89:
82mortality rate was calculated by
Page 90 and 91:
84samples from FG carcasses collect
Page 92 and 93:
86outbreaks in waterfowl (Table 4;
Page 94 and 95:
88birds and toxic
Page 96 and 97:
90LITERATURE CITEDBall G, Bollinger
Page 98 and 99:
92Williamson JL, Rocke TE, Aiken JM
Page 100 and 101:
94Table 2. Species composition <str
Page 102 and 103:
96Table 4. Estimates of</st
Page 104 and 105:
98iiviiiii1 0 1 2 km1 0 1 21 0 1 21
Page 106 and 107:
100PART VIVARIABILITY OF TYPE C CLO
Page 108 and 109:
102seasonal wetland</strong
Page 110 and 111:
104clinical signs of</stron
Page 112 and 113:
106RESULTSThe proportion of
Page 114 and 115:
108sediments in basins of</
Page 116 and 117:
110Williamson JL, Rocke TE, Aiken J
Page 118 and 119:
112Chaplin, SK botulism 3/5 (60) 1/
Page 120 and 121:
114Table 3. Annual and</str
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116MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT
Page 124 and 125:
Recommendation 8:The model
Page 126 and 127:
120APPENDIX 1AVIAN BOTULISM IN ALBE
Page 128 and 129:
122July 15, 2002ISBN: 0-7785-0962-1
Page 130 and 131:
1242BackgroundMunro (1927) provides
Page 132 and 133:
1264SUMMARY OF ALBERTA BOTULISM OUT
Page 134 and 135:
128Moyles, D. 1989. Avian</
Page 136 and 137:
13081) 1980 (Calverley 1980)Appendi
Page 138 and 139:
1321010) 1990 (F&W files)LakeDetect
Page 140 and 141:
134123 probable blue-green algal po
Page 142 and 143:
136APPENDIX 2EXPOSURE OF MALLARD DU
Page 144 and 145:
138Toxin was administered orally us
Page 146:
140LITERATURE CITEDCarmichael WW, B
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Ecology and Management of Avian Botulism on the Canadian Prairies

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