At this point it would be prudent to mention some genres, which, while being beyond thescope of the article, have had an immense impact on Electro <strong>Metal</strong>: Darkwave (the productof coldwave, synth pop and gothic rock) became popular in the early 90’s (especially inmainland Europe), finding widespread acceptance amongst dance-clubs and the goth subculture.It also provided a fertile framework <strong>for</strong> some of the more open-minded metal musiciansto experiment with (limited cold guitar utilization, eerie samples, electro drum machinesand the juxtapositioning of angelic female vocals with harsh or growled male ones).EBM (Electronic Body Music, an amalgamation of Industrial Music with arty synth punk)also subtly but surely found favor with bands looking to expand their repertoire with electronicintelligent and aggressive rhythms.Two names immediately crop up when westart looking into the of 90’s electro metalphenomena: Godflesh and Foetus. GOD-FLESH was Justin Broadrick’s main musicaloutput after his short but classic stintin Napalm Death (with fellow sonic architectG.C. Green). It was the marriage ofsludge guitar tonalities with a sub-heavybass sound and a pounding yet ploddingdrum machine and topped off by Justin’shoarse shouting vocals. It essentially tookthe Swan’s early sound to the next level.From the first recorded outputs it was a<strong>for</strong>ce to be reckoned with (Street Cleaner 1989, Slavestate 1991).The early live per<strong>for</strong>mances gave new meaning to the word ‘harsh’.As evolution took its toll, more and more guitar layers were added,and each subsequent release displayed better production values,with a clear drum ‘n’ bass influence in the last two records, aswell as Justin’s attempts of singing (Selfless 1994, Songs of Loveand Hate 1996). The band blossomed in critical acclaim and limited<strong>com</strong>mercial success. Numerous remix albums and EP’s keptthe ball rolling. 2002 saw the official and final dissolution of thisseminal band with Justin moving onto more generic post-rockpastures (and a more varied fanbase) with Jesu.On the other hand FOETUS (or connotation t<strong>here</strong>of), the brainchildof Jim Thirwell started as an experimental rock outfit, with adistinct preference <strong>for</strong> programmed beats and guitar riffs. Butunlike Godflesh the sound changed drastically over the releases,with Thirwell bringing in guest musicians and a broad array ofinstruments on each release. Between 1981 and 1988 a huge sonicpalette was covered by Thirwell in many guises. In the 1990’s t<strong>here</strong> was a distinct maturingof sound and production (Gash 1995) while remaining experimental industrial metal.The adventurous nature of the music and the controversial subject matter ensured thatFoetus remained very much an underground phenomena and is still highly underrated(Flow 2001 or Love 2005 barely break into anybody’s top ten lists, or even have-heard lists).But if you are looking <strong>for</strong> a real underground avant-garde warrior this is a great place tostart.MALHAVOC, a Canadian band way ahead of its time started producing Electro/Industrialmetal in the mid-80’s and can be truly called original. They stayed at the <strong>for</strong>e of the movement'till the early 90’s, when they incorporated much stronger electronic elements intotheir sound and <strong>com</strong>paratively eased up the aggressive tendencies. They have a number ofreleases and it is re<strong>com</strong>mended to the avant garde metal connoisseurs to check out theirlate 80’s and early 90’s stuff <strong>for</strong> some amazingly dysfunctional music (and trendsettingthemes such as serial killers, woods, witches and zombies – as concept albums, seriously!!).
Also from Canada, OBLIVEON started out as progressive thrash outfit (From This Day Forward1990, Nemesis 1993) that eventually discovered space (and electronica) as documentedin its early stages on Cybervoid (1995) and sculpted to dark cyber perfection on TechnocarnivoreMothermouth (1999). Another one to search out <strong>for</strong>.One other notable who took the ball from Godflesh and ran with it, were DEAD WORLD, anunderrated American outfit who produced three original and abrasive records (Collusion1992, The Machine 1993, Thanatos Rising 1996) be<strong>for</strong>e fading into obscurity. The sound wasa single-minded pursuit of distorted bass and pounding yet mid-paced drum machines withawkward samples, topped by some classicsludgy death metal riffing and dissonance.FEAR FACTORY started out as a extremelyprecise death/grind outfit with great productionand a distinct lack of guitar wankery (Soulof a New Machine 1992). They single-handedlyinaugurated the new wave of metal, keepingthe music catchy and mosh-able with somesubtle melodic hooks and a tastefully limiteduse of samples and background synths. Initiallyit was the precision of the music as well asthe slight fling with synthesizers that garneredthem the ‘industrial metal’ tag. But it was t<strong>here</strong>lease of the Fear is the Mindkiller EP (remixesfrom the Soul of a New Machine) that cementedtheir position. The slightly more progressiveone two punch of the Demanufacture 1995 (adark cyber concept album of gigantic grooves) and the Remanufacture remixes set (gabbermetal anyone?!) was the absolute pinnacle of the band. After inspiring tons of sub-par nucoreoutfits, the band joined the hordes by refusing to progress an iota further an eventuallybroke up.At this point mention must be made of Psalm 69 byMINISTRY (see part 1 of this article <strong>for</strong> details)which can be attributed with introducing a newgeneration to the joys of the mixing of thrash riffs,political sampling and blitzkrieg drum machines.MISERY LOVES CO. was a Swedish outfit thatenjoyed limited success during alternative metal’sheydays although being much heavier and darkerthan that lot. Their self titled debut (1994) and thesubsequent EPs are a great mix of aggressive riffingand programmed beats molded into some seriouslyinfectious songwriting.In a less impressive but still widely influential manner NINE INCH NAILS introduced theMTV generation to angst that you could dance to. From the first release it was clear w<strong>here</strong>NIN’s output was destined <strong>for</strong> with the artistic culmination of all Reznor’s musical worth inThe Downward Spiral. Since then he has been regurgitating the same song structures withdifferent names.RED HARVEST were already a pretty disturbingoutfit upon their inception, with a soundbest described asdoom metal playedby robots(Nomindsland1992, T<strong>here</strong> isBeauty in the Purityof Sadness 1993).