计算机组织与系统结构

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Generations “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” Thomas Watson Senior, Chairman of IBM, 1943 1: 1950 ~ 59 Vacuum Tubes 2: 1960 ~ 68 Discrete transistor 3: 1969 ~ 77 ICs 4: 1978 ~ ? LSI and VLSI 5?: Japanese project 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 The First Generation Use Vacuum Tubes for switching and storage. A Triode invented in 1906 became a building block. Structure? Turing: • In 1937 gave the mathematical foundations in terms of TURING MACHINE which can emulate any other computer. • He tried to build a computer ACE Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was completed in 1947 通用电子 计 算 机 的起源北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心
第一台通用电子 计 算 机 --ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator 1946 年 2 月 14 日 J. Presper Eckert& John Mauchly Moore School University of Pennsylvania Size: 80 feet long 8.5 feet high h 18,000 vacuum tubes 5000 additions/sec. The world’s first general-purpose electronic computer conditional Jump and be programmable, distinguished it from earlier ones Used for computing artillery firing tables 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 ENIAC Inspired by Atanasoff and Berry, Eckert and Mauchly designed and built ENIAC (1943-45) at the University of Pennsylvania The first, completely l electronic, operational, general-purpose analytical l calculator! 30 tons, 72 square meters, 200KW Performance Read R d in 120 cards per minute Addition took 200 μs, Division 6 ms 1000 times faster than Mark I Not very reliable! Application: Ballistic calculations WW-2 Effort angle = f (location, tail wind, cross wind, air density, temperature, weight of shell, propellant charge, ... ) 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 Accumulator 28 vacuum tubes ENIAC was NOT a “stored program” device For each problem, someone analyzed the arithmetic processing needed and prepared p wiring diagrams for the computors to use when wiring the machine Process was time consuming and error prone Cleaning personnel often knocked cables out of their place and just put them back somewhere 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心
Page 1 and 2: 计算机组织与系统结
Page 3 and 4: Jacquard Loom(1801) 北京大学
Page 5 and 6: Babbage’s Difference Engine 2 and
Page 7 and 8: 二十世纪前叶计算技
Page 9: Colossus-Mark I (1943) IBM /Harvard
Page 13 and 14: Pulse Diagram ENICA: Electronic Num
Page 15 and 16: 第一台全面的、可操
Page 17 and 18: Harvard Architecture ASCC-Reader(19
Page 19 and 20: 1952 年 ,IBM 公司推出了
Page 21 and 22: 1956 年 ;Ferranti 有限公司
Page 23 and 24: Field Effect Transistor (Lucent) 19
Page 25 and 26: IBM 7090 Console 1961 The work on i
Page 27 and 28: Using Index Registers C i ← A i +
Page 29 and 30: Third Generation • Use of Integra
Page 31 and 32: Stack Operations and Implicit Memor
Page 33 and 34: IBM 360 IBM 360: A General-Purpose
Page 35 and 36: 为了向用户提供低价
Page 37 and 38: CDC 6600 Cordwood module CDC 6600 1
Page 39 and 40: 计算机普及高级语言
Page 41 and 42: 如何减小高级语言和
Page 43 and 44: 在许多人试图用堆栈
Page 45 and 46: 八十年代末 , 人们开
Page 47 and 48: 同构 CMP—IBM POWER4 IBM POWER4
Page 49 and 50: IBM SP-1 IBM SP-2(1993): RS/6000 Mo
Page 52: Sony Playstation 2000 人人都

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计算机组织与系统结构