计算机组织与系统结构

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1953, In the midst of the first "police action" on the part of the United Nations in Korea, IBM took the opportunity to contribute to the war effort by providing a "Defense Calculator" that was in fact their first true entry into the computer business. The IBM "Type 701 EDPM" was built as a result of the conviction of T.J.Watson, Jr. that IBM had to take a step into this field and his convincing his father that computers would not immediately destroy the card processing business. The 700 series of machines, including the 704, 709, and eventually the 7090 and 7094, dominated the large mainframe market for the next decade, d and brought IBM from computer obscurity to first place in that same time period. IBM 650 (1953) 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 Since the 1930s IBM had built a series of calculators in the 600 series that t contributed t to the versatility of the card processing equipment that was their major product. The early IBM computers (701 and 702) were incompatible with the punched card processing equipment, but the IBM Type 650 EDPM (1954), a natural extension of the 600 series, used the same card processing peripherals thus making it upwardly compatible for many existing IBM customers. A decimal, drum memory machine, the 650 was the first to be mass produced though IBM never expected to lease 1000 in the first after its announcement. For many universities it was to be their first computer, its attractiveness was considerably enhanced by the availability of a 60% educational discount conditional on the institution teaching certain computer-related t courses. 1955 年 ,IBM704 投入市场 ; 在这台 机 器中首次使用了变址寄存器 , 从而以一种更合理的方式实现了动态修改指令的地址部分所要完成的功能。并且在这台 机 器上首次出现了操作 系 统 的原始模型 --- 控制程序。北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心
1956 年 ;Ferranti 有限公司建造成功第一台含通用寄存器的 机 器 -----Pegasus; 它有八个通用寄存器 , 其中 R0 恒为 “0”, 在今天的很多处理器中 , 我们仍能看到这一特点。 FORTRAN (1954) Following the example set by Grace Hopper, and a successful implementation of a digital code interpreter for the IBM 701 named Speedcoding, John Backus proposed the development of a programming language that would allow uses to express their problems in commonly understood d mathematical formulae -- later to be named FORTRAN. 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 Bell Labs 1940: Ohl develops the PN Junction 1945: Shockley's laboratory established 1947: Bardeen and Brattain create point contact transistor (U.S. Patent 2,524,035) Diagram from patent application Transistor(1947) William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invent the "transfer resistance" device, later to be known as the transistor that will revolutionize the computer and give it the reliability that could not achieved with vacuum tubes. Point-contact-transistor 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心
Page 1 and 2: 计算机组织与系统结
Page 3 and 4: Jacquard Loom(1801) 北京大学
Page 5 and 6: Babbage’s Difference Engine 2 and
Page 7 and 8: 二十世纪前叶计算技
Page 9 and 10: Colossus-Mark I (1943) IBM /Harvard
Page 11 and 12: 第一台通用电子计算
Page 13 and 14: Pulse Diagram ENICA: Electronic Num
Page 15 and 16: 第一台全面的、可操
Page 17 and 18: Harvard Architecture ASCC-Reader(19
Page 19: 1952 年 ,IBM 公司推出了
Page 23 and 24: Field Effect Transistor (Lucent) 19
Page 25 and 26: IBM 7090 Console 1961 The work on i
Page 27 and 28: Using Index Registers C i ← A i +
Page 29 and 30: Third Generation • Use of Integra
Page 31 and 32: Stack Operations and Implicit Memor
Page 33 and 34: IBM 360 IBM 360: A General-Purpose
Page 35 and 36: 为了向用户提供低价
Page 37 and 38: CDC 6600 Cordwood module CDC 6600 1
Page 39 and 40: 计算机普及高级语言
Page 41 and 42: 如何减小高级语言和
Page 43 and 44: 在许多人试图用堆栈
Page 45 and 46: 八十年代末 , 人们开
Page 47 and 48: 同构 CMP—IBM POWER4 IBM POWER4
Page 49 and 50: IBM SP-1 IBM SP-2(1993): RS/6000 Mo
Page 52: Sony Playstation 2000 人人都

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