计算机组织与系统结构

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Difference Engine A machine to compute mathematical tables Weierstrass: Any continuous function can be approximated by a polynomial l Any polynomial can be computed from difference tables An example f(n) = n 2 + n + 41 d1(n) = f(n) - f(n-1) = 2n d2(n) =d1(n) - d1(n-1) 1) = 2 f(n) = f(n-1) + d1(n) = f(n-1) + (d1(n-1) + 2) all you need is an adder! n d2(n) 0 1 2 2 3 2 4 2 d1(n) 2 4 6 8 f(n) 41 43 47 53 61 Difference Engine 1823 Babbage’s g paper p is published 1834 The paper is read by Scheutz & his son in Sweden 1842 Babbage gives up the idea of building it; he is onto Analytic Engine! 1855 Scheutz displays his machine at the Paris World Fare Can compute any 6th degree polynomial Speed: 33 to 44 32-digit numbers per minute! 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 Babbage’s Difference Engine 1 1832 Analytic Engine 1833: Babbage’s paper was published conceived during a hiatus in the development of the difference engine Inspiration: Jacquard Looms looms were controlled by punched cards The set of cards with fixed punched holes dictated the pattern of weave ⇒ program The same set of cards could be used with different e colored o threads ⇒ numbers 1871: Babbage dies The machine remains unrealized. It is not clear if the analytic engine could be built even today using only mechanical technology 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心
Babbage’s Difference Engine 2 and Analytical Engine 1834 Babbage Analytical Engine The Mill The Store Printer Punch Operation Cards Variable Cards Program 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心 Babbage Analytical Engine • The Store: Memory unit consisting of counter wheels • The Mill: The arithmetic unit capable of 4 operations used a pair of register and produced results stored in another register in the store • Operation Cards: Specified one of Four operations • Variable Cards: Specified the memory location to be used • Output: Printer or punch Analytic Engine The first conception of a general-purpose computer 1. The store in which all variables to be operated upon, as well as all those quantities which have arisen from the results of the operations are placed. 2. The mill into which the quantities about to be operated upon are always brought. The program ogam Operation variable1 variable2 variable3 An operation in the mill required feeding two punched cards and producing a new punched card for the store. An operation to alter the sequence was also provided! 北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心北京大学 计 算 机 科学技术 系 北京大学微处理器研究开发中心
Page 1 and 2: 计算机组织与系统结
Page 3: Jacquard Loom(1801) 北京大学
Page 7 and 8: 二十世纪前叶计算技
Page 9 and 10: Colossus-Mark I (1943) IBM /Harvard
Page 11 and 12: 第一台通用电子计算
Page 13 and 14: Pulse Diagram ENICA: Electronic Num
Page 15 and 16: 第一台全面的、可操
Page 17 and 18: Harvard Architecture ASCC-Reader(19
Page 19 and 20: 1952 年 ,IBM 公司推出了
Page 21 and 22: 1956 年 ;Ferranti 有限公司
Page 23 and 24: Field Effect Transistor (Lucent) 19
Page 25 and 26: IBM 7090 Console 1961 The work on i
Page 27 and 28: Using Index Registers C i ← A i +
Page 29 and 30: Third Generation • Use of Integra
Page 31 and 32: Stack Operations and Implicit Memor
Page 33 and 34: IBM 360 IBM 360: A General-Purpose
Page 35 and 36: 为了向用户提供低价
Page 37 and 38: CDC 6600 Cordwood module CDC 6600 1
Page 39 and 40: 计算机普及高级语言
Page 41 and 42: 如何减小高级语言和
Page 43 and 44: 在许多人试图用堆栈
Page 45 and 46: 八十年代末 , 人们开
Page 47 and 48: 同构 CMP—IBM POWER4 IBM POWER4
Page 49 and 50: IBM SP-1 IBM SP-2(1993): RS/6000 Mo
Page 52: Sony Playstation 2000 人人都

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计算机组织与系统结构