计 算 机 组 织 与 系 统 结 构
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Pulse Diagram<br />
ENICA: Electronic Numerical and Integrate Calculator<br />
Mauchly and Eckert<br />
• First General Purpose Computer: Was designed for<br />
ballistic calculations but was used for H-Bomb<br />
design<br />
• 30 Tons, 15,000 Square Ft., 18,000 Vacuum Tubes,<br />
140 KW<br />
• 5,000 additions per second<br />
• Used decimal arithmetic<br />
• Memory had 20 accumulators for 10 digit numbers<br />
• Programming required setting switches and<br />
plugging cables manually<br />
北 京 大 学 <strong>计</strong> <strong>算</strong> <strong>机</strong> 科 学 技 术 <strong>系</strong><br />
北 京 大 学 微 处 理 器 研 究 开 发 中 心<br />
北 京 大 学 <strong>计</strong> <strong>算</strong> <strong>机</strong> 科 学 技 术 <strong>系</strong><br />
北 京 大 学 微 处 理 器 研 究 开 发 中 心<br />
ENIAC<br />
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)<br />
北 京 大 学 <strong>计</strong> <strong>算</strong> <strong>机</strong> 科 学 技 术 <strong>系</strong><br />
北 京 大 学 微 处 理 器 研 究 开 发 中 心<br />
ENIAC’s programming system was external<br />
Sequences of instructions were executed<br />
independently of the results of the calculation<br />
Human H intervention i required to take instructions<br />
i<br />
“out of order”<br />
Eckert, Mauchly, John von Neumann and others<br />
designed EDVAC (1944) to solve this problem<br />
Solution was the stored program computer<br />
⇒ “program can be manipulated as data”<br />
First Draft of a report on EDVAC was published in<br />
1945, but just had von Neumann’s signature!<br />
In 1973 the court of Minneapolis attributed the<br />
honor of inventing the computer to John Atanasoff<br />
北 京 大 学 <strong>计</strong> <strong>算</strong> <strong>机</strong> 科 学 技 术 <strong>系</strong><br />
北 京 大 学 微 处 理 器 研 究 开 发 中 心
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